Immunosuppression in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) induced by environmental exposure to cadmium

Kusher, David I.; Crim, Joe W.

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(10)80001-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…35,36 Recent chemical and genetic information on fish suggest that there are similar cell-signaling pathwaysÀinvolved fish lymphocytes as have been documented in rodent models. [37][38][39] The mixed T and B lymphocyte populations from bluegill were not separated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bluegill have at least 2 populations of lymphocytes: 1 that responds to phorbol ester-type mitogens (PMA; B-like cells) and 1 that responds to lipopolysaccharide-type (Con A) mitogens (T-like cells). 35,36 Recent chemical and genetic information on fish suggest that there are similar cell-signaling pathwaysÀinvolved fish lymphocytes as have been documented in rodent models. [37][38][39] The mixed T and B lymphocyte populations from bluegill were not separated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Exposure to Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Connelly

Means

2010

Int J Toxicol

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been demonstrated to affect immune system modulation. The freshwater species of fish, Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), was employed to investigate the effects of a 14-day dietary exposure to PAH including 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN), and 9,10-dimethylanthracene (9,10-DMA) and a mixture of these 3 compounds at a total dose of 3.1 ± 0.01 mg on lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with 3 mitogens (concanavalin A [Con A], phorbol ester, and calcium ionophore). 2-Aminoanthracene was mitogenic itself and with added mitogens. 2-Methylnaphthalene induced some stimulatory and some inhibitory effects upon cell proliferation by Con A. 9,10-DMA and the mixture each suppressed cell proliferation. The mixture was highly suppressive to lymphocytes. Intracellular baseline calcium levels were reduced, possibly as a step prior to cell death. All PAH compounds tested were immunomodulatory to bluegill lymphocytes. Bluegill were demonstrated to have utility as a biomarker species for investigation of immunotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Exposure to Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Connelly

Means

2010

Int J Toxicol

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“…This effect can be explained by two different mechanisms. The first includes direct effects on immunological function (19,38); the second is indirect and related to stress (26,46). The stress hormone cortisol affects the immune response (17,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Waterborne Copper, Cyanide, Ammonia, and Nitrite on Stress Parameters and Changes in Susceptibility to Saprolegniosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Carballo¹,

Muñoz²,

Cuellar³

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The effects of toxic exposures on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to saprolegniosis were evaluated. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper (0.25 mg/liter), cyanide (0.07 mg/liter), ammonia (0.5 mg/liter), and nitrite (0.24 mg/liter) for 24 h. After exposure, the fish were challenged by Saprolegnia parasitica (3.6 ؋ 10 6 zoospores per liter) for 10 min. Cortisol and cholesterol were used to indicate stress response. Similar increases of cortisol were found for the four tested chemicals. All fish with cortisol levels higher than 370 ng/ml developed the disease, while only 24% of the fish with cortisol levels lower than 370 ng/ml were infected. Cholesterol levels remained unchanged after toxic exposure. Increased susceptibilities to the pathogen were observed for ammonia (71%), copper (57%), nitrite (50%), and cyanide (33%). The increases in susceptibility as a result of cyanide and nitrite exposure could be explained by the stress response. For copper and ammonia, the combination of two different effects, the stress response and specific impairments of the defense mechanism of trout against saprolegniosis, should be considered.

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“…Immunosuppressive effects of these compounds may occur at high concentrations or long-term exposures (Anderson, 1996;Bols et al, 2001;Brown-Treves, 2000;Duffy et al, 2002;El-Gohary et al, 2005;Enis-Yonar et al, 2011;Kusher & Crim, 1991;Lumlertdacha & Lovell, 1995;Lundén & Bylund, 2002;Lundén et al, 1998;Lundén et al, 1999;Manning, 2001;Manning, 2010 Anderson, 1996). Table 7.…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System Drugs in Fish: Immune Function, Immunoassay, Drugs

Kum¹,

Sekkin²

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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Immunosuppression in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) induced by environmental exposure to cadmium

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Exposure to Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Exposure to Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Effects of Waterborne Copper, Cyanide, Ammonia, and Nitrite on Stress Parameters and Changes in Susceptibility to Saprolegniosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The Immune System Drugs in Fish: Immune Function, Immunoassay, Drugs

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