Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Promote Alternative Activation Macrophages to Repair Tissue Damage

Abstract

The pathogenesis of many diseases is driven by the interactions between helper T (T ) cells and macrophages. The phenotypes of these cells are functional dichotomies that are persuaded according to the surrounding milieu. In both multiple sclerosis and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, T 1 and T 17 cells propagate autoimmune signaling and inflammation in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. In turn, this proinflammatory repertoire promotes the classical activation, formerly the M1-type, macrophages. Together, these cells infiltrate into the central nervous system (CNS) tissues and generate inflammatory and demyelinating lesions. Our most recent report demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that led to functional, immunological, and pathological improvements in the EAE model. Here, a deeper investigation revealed the induction of regulatory T cells and alternative activation, or M2-type, macrophages in the periphery followed by the presence of alternative activation macrophages, reduced cellular infiltrates, and attenuation of neuroinflammation in CNS tissues following intraperitoneal administration of these treatments. Spleens from treated EAE mice revealed diminished T 1 and T 17 cell activities and were markedly higher in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Interestingly, SVF cells were more effective than ASCs at mediating these beneficial changes, which were attributed to their localization to the spleens after administration. Together, SVF cells rapidly and robustly attenuated the propagation of autoimmune signaling in the periphery that provided a permissive milieu in the CNS for repair and possibly regeneration. Stem Cells 2017;35:2198-2207.

Obesity-Activated Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Promote Breast Cancer Growth and Invasion

“…ASCs have been shown to alter the tissue microenvironment through macrophage recruitment and angiogenesis [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] . To determine whether HFD ASCs enhanced blood vessel density, we examined CD31 expression in endothelial cells within mixed tumors.…”

Preperitoneal Fat Grafting Inhibits the Formation of Intra-abdominal Adhesions in Mice

“…When comparing treatment strategies, fat grafting has several advantages: it appears anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic and provides tissue-resident repairing or resolving macrophages to the damaged area. [18][19][20][21] Cil and Aydogdu hypothesized that autologous fat grafting boosts remesotheliazation and used to divide macrophages into tissue-resident (M2) and bone marrow-derived (M1) inflammatory macrophages. Each dot represents one mouse (pooled from two independent experiments), and the bars represent the mean ± SEM of each group (*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.005 vs control).…”

Autologous mesenchymal stem cell-based cellular therapy impacts peripheral blood immunocompetent cells’ content in patients with symptomatic epilepsy

“…В настоящее время новым направлением в биотерапии эпилепсии рассматривается применение стволовых клеток, которые обладают нейрорегенеративными и иммуноподавляющими характеристиками [5,6]. Среди стволовых клеток наиболее часто применяют мезенхимальные стволовые (стромальные) клетки (МСК), которые оказывают толерогенное и противовоспалительное действие [7,8]. Терапевтический эффект МСК во многом связан с их иммуносупрессорным потенциалом и варьирует в зависимости от источника происхождения МСК [9].…”