“…Finding the initiating factors of the inflammatory response and fibrin deposition is crucial, as this may be beneficial in controlling the formation of PAs at the source. To sum up, the formation of PAs may be a result of the overall effects of the inflammatory response, coagulation, fibrin deposition and extracellular matrix (ECM) generation [ 41 ]. Although immune cells such as neutrophils [ 42 , 43 ], macrophages [ 40 , 44 , 45 ], mast cells [ 46 ], and T lymphocytes [ 47 , 48 ] are also involved, damage to PMCs and the exposure of the basement membrane are necessary for these cells to promote PA formation [ 49 ].…”