Immunomodulatory effect of prolactin on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage function

Abstract

The in vitro and in vivo effect of prolactin (PRL) on kidney macrophages from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated under the assumption that PRL stimulates immune innate response in mammals. Kidney macrophages were treated two ways: first, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL of PRL and second, isolated from a fish with a PRL-injected dose of 100 ng/Kg. Reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (formazan) was used to produce intracellular superoxide anion. Phagocytic activity of PRL was determined in treated cells by optical microscopy observation of phagocytized Congo red-stained yeast. Kidney lysozyme activity was measured in PRL-injected fish. In vitro and in vivo macrophages treated with PRL presented an enhanced superoxide anion production, elevated phagocytic index and increased phagocytic activity. Treated fish showed higher levels of lysozyme activity in the head kidney compared to the control. These results indicate that PRL-stimulated innate immune response in Atlantic salmon and future studies will allow us to assess the possibility of using PRL as an immunostimulant in the Chilean salmon industry.

Establishment of a leukocyte cell line derived from peritoneal macrophages of fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

“…The quantity of ROS released serves as an indicator of the innate immune responses and general health of fish (Hermann and Kim 2005;Datta et al 2009). This oxygen-dependent bactericidal mechanism has been demonstrated in phagocytes of many different fish species (Ishibe et al 2008;Paredes et al 2013). Optimum concentration of LPS is a strong stimulator of macrophages as it activates several signal transduction pathways to produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines in humans and animals including fish.…”

Brain Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Hypersaline Stress

“…The immune-stimulatory effect of prolactin is associated with the expressions of toll-like receptors (Peã et al, 2016 ; Soto et al, 2016 ), macrophage function (Paredes et al, 2013 ), and immunoglobulin M production in the fish humoral immune system (Yada et al, 1999 ). Somatotropin and somatolactin-like genes, together with prolactin, all belong to the growth hormone/prolactin family and play a central role in controlling growth (Kasper et al, 2006 ) and enhancing tilapia innate immunity (Acosta et al, 2009 ; Uchida et al, 2009 ).…”

Sensitivity analysis of biodiesel blends on Benzo[a]pyrene and main emissions using MOVES: A case study in Temuco, Chile

“…In the last years, different studies have been done (Tsai et al, 2010;Karavalakis et al, 2011;Koc and Abdullah, 2013;Kumar et al, 2013;Paredes et al, 2013) in order to analyze the effect of mixing biofuels. The pollutants analyzed are centered around NOx, total hydrocarbons, CO, and particulate matter.…”