Immunomodulatory effect of cathelicidins in response to a β-glucan in intestinal epithelial cells from rainbow trout

Schmitt, Paulina; Wacyk, Jurij; Morales‐Lange, Byron; Rojas, Verónica; Guzmán, Fanny; Dixon, Brian; Mercado, Luís

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.007

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…While the present study did not investigate immune mechanisms, Skov et al observed an increased expression of lysozyme in β-glucan fed rainbow trout, however, with no significant increase in lysozyme activity (Skov et al, 2012). Furthermore, Schmitt et al observed an increased number of cathelicidin producing cells in the proximal intestine of rainbow trout fed β-glucan (Schmitt et al, 2015), suggesting a role for these bactericidal peptides.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Villumsen

Ohtani

Forberg

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the β-glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids and citrus flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as components in complex feed formulations. How to cite this article Rømer Villumsen K, Ohtani M, Forberg T, Tinsley J, Boye M, Bojesen AM. 2020. Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PeerJ 8:e8706 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8706 Rømer Villumsen et al. (2020), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.8706 2/15 Tripoli E, La Guardia M, Giammanco S, Di Majo D, Giammanco M. 2007. Citrus flavonoids: molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: a review. Food Chemistry . Yilmaz S, Ergun S. 2018. Trans-cinnamic acid application for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): I. Effects on haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 78:140-157 DOI 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.034. Yılmaz S, Ergun S, Çelik EŞ, Yigit M. 2018. Effects of dietary humic acid on growth performance, haemato-immunological and physiological responses and resistance of Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to Yersinia ruckeri. Aquaculture Research 49:3338-3349 DOI 10.1111/are.13798. Yılmaz S, Ergun S, Yigit M, Çelik EŞ. 2019. Effect of combination of dietary Bacillus subtilis and trans-cinnamic acid on innate immune responses and resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to Yersinia ruckeri. Aquaculture Research 51(2):441-454 DOI 10.1111/are.14379. Ytrestøyl T, Aas TS, Åsgård T. 2015. Utilisation of feed resources in production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Aquaculture 448:365-374 YJ. 2014. Efficacy and tolerance of yeast cell wall as an immunostimulant in the diet of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Aquaculture 432:217-224

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Villumsen

Ohtani

Forberg

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…In a previous study, trout IL1β significantly enhanced peritoneal leucocyte phagocytosis to kill the Gram-negative salmonid pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida (41). The mRNA expression level of IL1β can be upgraded by CATHs (42), which are AMPs that play an important role during infection with the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri (43). In addition, CATHs were found to stimulate the mRNA expression of IL8, probably because CATHs signal the recruitment of immune cells via IL8 to the site of infection to resolve the infection (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Viral-Infected Change of the Digestive Tract Microbiota Associated With Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish

et al. 2019

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The digestive tract is a unique series of organs that is inhabited by a range of commensal microbes while also exposed to an overwhelming load of dietary antigens. It is widely known that mammals have evolved complex and efficient immune strategies to protect the mucosa of the digestive tract. However, in the early vertebrates, the roles of mucosal immune defense and microbial communities in the different segments of the digestive tract are not well-understood. Here, we constructed a bath infection model with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Importantly, following viral infection, we found that the IHNV distribution and the reactions of immune-related genes had similar trends that decreased across the digestive tract. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and alcian blue (A & B) staining of the trout digestive tract showed that the pathological changes only occurred in the buccal and pharyngeal mucosal tissues. Moreover, the increased diversity of the microbial community was only detected in the buccal mucosa through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, suggesting that the magnitude of the immune response and microbial community changes are related to the IHNV load and the original microbial diversity. In addition, the loss of digestive tract dominant species and increased colonization of opportunistic bacteria were discovered in the buccal mucosal surface indicating that a secondary bacterial infection occurred in this mucosal tissue.

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“…Specifically some heat-killed strains exhibited β-defensin induction comparable to viable bacteria (Rizzo et al, 2013;Wehkamp et al, 2004). Induction of β-defensin expression in epithelial cells by bacterial components from probiotics or commensal microorganisms has also been previously reported (Bhattacharyya et al, 2016;Ghadimi et al, 2011;Gupta et al, 2010;Krisanaprakornkit, Kimball, & Dale, 2002;Li et al, 2013;Schlee et al, 2007;Schlee et al, 2008;Schmitt et al, 2015;Zhang, Jin, & Yang, 2019). Probiotics are generally viable beneficial microbes that confer a health benefit on the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Toll-like receptor 2-mediated induction of avianβ-defensin 9 byLactobacillus rhamnosusand its cellular components in chicken intestinal epithelial cells

Jia

Wei

Hong

et al. 2019

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus MLGA and its cell wall components on the induction of avian β-defensin 9 (AvBD9) expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from chicken embryos and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Chicken IECs were stimulated with L. rhamnosus MLGA or cell wall components. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the expressions of target genes. L. rhamnosus MLGA and its cellular components significantly induced AvBD9 and TLR2 expression, with the whole peptidoglycan (WPG) being the most potent inducer. Pretreatment of chicken IECs with a TLR2 neutralizing antibody diminished AvBD9 induction by L. rhamnosus MLGA and WPG. The inhibition tests showed that induction of AvBD9 in IECs by L. rhamnosus MLGA and WPG was dependent on NF-κB or JNK pathways. These results demonstrate that L. rhamnosus MLGA and WPG induce AvBD9 expression in chicken IECs via a TLR2-mediated NF-κB/JNK pathway.

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Immunomodulatory effect of cathelicidins in response to a β-glucan in intestinal epithelial cells from rainbow trout

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Viral-Infected Change of the Digestive Tract Microbiota Associated With Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish

Toll-like receptor 2-mediated induction of avianβ-defensin 9 byLactobacillus rhamnosusand its cellular components in chicken intestinal epithelial cells

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