Immunomodulatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Infusions from Cleavers Herb

Abstract

Extracts from aerial parts of G. aparine (cleavers) constitute a herbal remedy with monography in British Herbal Pharmacopeia. On the European market, there are several drugs and food supplements consisting of Galium extracts. In folk medicine, cleavers was used topically in Europe, Asia, and the Americas to treat skin diseases. In several remedies, cleavers is also listed as an immunomodulatory active herb influencing the defense response of the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity and antioxidant potential in vitro of a raw infusion of cleavers and bioactive fractions. The functional activity of lymphocytes in the reaction of the lymphocyte blast transformation (RLBT) method was used for immunomodulatory activity assays and direct scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was chosen for the examination of antioxidant activity. It was shown that both the raw extract and fractions show significant immunostimulatory and scavenging activities. The obtained data partially justify the traditional use of cleavers as topical remedy for skin infections and for wounds.

Antioxidants from Galium verum as Ingredients for the Design of New Dermatocosmetic Products

“…The extraction protocols are continuously optimized in order to obtain a high quality, safety, and efficient extraction through a fast, cost effective, comprehensive, and reproducible procedure. There are some extraction techniques investigated so far for Galium species [ 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 ]: (i) Maceration in hydro-alcoholic solution with 20%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 96% ethanol for 7 days or methanol; (ii) Percolation in methanol; (iii) Ultra-sound assisted extraction; (iv) Reflux extraction; (v) Dispersive liquid-liquid phase microextraction with NaCl and natural deep eutectic solvent medium and ultrasound assisted. The study and application of these extraction techniques is based on a series of variations of the working parameters, such as the solid ratio: liquid, type of solvent, volume and concentration of the extraction agent, extraction time.…”

Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts

“…The composition of the biologically active substances in the plant extracts may depend on the selected extraction method, and, most importantly, on the extractant [ 22 ], and thus we prepared the ethanolic and aqueous extracts for the selected type of raw material to be able to compare their chemical compositions. The solvent extraction method was chosen according to the most commonly used method [ 23 ]. In this study, the crude extracts of C. sativus leaves were prepared using water-ethanol (70%) and distilled water as the solvents.…”

Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts

“…The ratio of the eluents A and B changed according to the elution time: 0–5 min—95 to 5, 5–35 min—95 → 75 to 5 → 25, 35–40 min 75 to 25, 40–60 min 75 → 50 to 25 → 50, 60–65 min—50 → 20 to 50 → 80, 65–70 min—20 to 80, and 70–85 min 95 to 5, respectively. Identification of phenolic compounds was performed as a function of the retention time of standards and UV spectral characteristics [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”