Immunomodulatory action of chronic exercise on macrophage and lymphocyte cytokine production in mice

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of 8-week voluntary running exercise on cytokine production of macrophages and lymphocytes. Seven-week-old-male BALB/c inbred mice were divided into two groups: a group given voluntary exercise (exercise group, n=32), and the other, a non-exercise group (control group, n=32). Exercise consisted of spontaneous running in wheels for 3 days per week over 8 weeks. The levels of nitric oxide (NO2-) and interleukin (IL)-1 beta production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from the exercise group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05-P < 0.01). In the exercise group, stimulation indices by concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly higher than they were in the control group (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). When compared with the control group, the exercise group showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the splenic lymphocyte production of IL-2 stimulated by Con A (449.5 +/- 28.2 and 853.7 +/- 116.0 pg 4 x 10(5) cells(-1) 48 h(-1) for the control group and the exercise group, respectively). IL-4 production of splenocytes stimulated by Con A in the exercise group (37.6 +/- 5.1 pg 4 x 10(5) cells(-1) 48 h(-1)) was higher than that in the control group (30.9 +/- 3.9 pg 4 x 10(5) cells(-1) 48 h(-1)); however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that 8-week voluntary running exercise effectively enhanced macrophage and lymphocyte functions in mice.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

“…In vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide to healthy, young, trained or untrained men revealed tissue‐specific induced inflammatory responses: Compared with their untrained counterparts, trained subjects had an enhanced lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNF‐α and IL‐6 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and slightly reduced responses systemically and in adipose tissue 37. Some animal studies also report increases in ex vivo lipopolysaccharide‐stimulation models, with exercise training leading to increases in TNF‐α but not IL‐6 in rats38, 39 in interleukin‐1ß, interleukin‐12, TNF‐α, and interferon‐γ in mice,40, 41, 42, 43 and in TNF‐α and interferon‐ß in horses 44…”

Immunomodulatory effect of Rhaphidophora korthalsii on mice splenocyte, thymocyte and bone marrow cell proliferation and cytokine expression

“…Lymphocyte proliferation is a complex event involving the participation of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expression. IL-2 is one of the major regulatory cytokine of the immune system which can further enhance the NK cell and LAK cell growth and activity (Sugiura et al, 2002). This may further contribute to the antitumor activity of the immune cell (Wang and Johnston, 1995).…”

Alterações na produção de TNF-a e IL-10 no músculo esquelético de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca secundária a infarto do miocárdio: possível efeito antiinflamatório do treinamento aeróbio moderado.

“…In the same way, moderate intensity exercise training enhances immune function, whereas intense exercise training depresses the immune system (27,29). With regards to the influence of endurance training on the immune function, the results of animal experiments have shown an increase in phagocytic activity and in chemotaxis of peritoneal Ms, as well as of the proliferative response of T cells to mitogens (12,14,35,36). On the other hand, few studies have evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of exercise training on peritoneal M function, since activated Ms are important sources of pro-inflammatory factors.…”

“…The response depends on the variables of physical exercise such as intensity, volume and frequency, along with the exercise type. Several studies, however, have shown that regular moderate exercise stimulates many aspects of the immune response (27,29,33,36).…”

“…In the present study, enhancement of chemotaxis capacity by peritoneal Ms in response to the sensing of FMLP was reversed by moderate endurance training, reestablishing the values to levels near those found in the Sham-operated sedentary animals. Some studies (14,35,36) have shown an increase in the chemotaxis index induced by exercise training stress; however, it appears that the modulatory effect of exercise on the Ms is dependent on the parameter being measured, the timing, the intensity and duration of the effort, and the concentration and type of chemokines being utilized (40).…”