Immunomodulating action of low intensity millimeter waves on primed neutrophils

Abstract

Comparative investigation of the susceptibility of intact and primed neutrophils of the NMRI strain mice to low intensity millimeter wave (mm wave) irradiation (41.95 GHz) was performed. The specific absorption rate was 0.45 W/kg. Isolated neutrophils were primed by a chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) at a subthreshold concentration of 10 nM for 20 min, and then the cells were activated by 1 microM fMLP. Production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by the luminol dependent chemiluminescence technique. It was found that the preliminary mm wave irradiation of the resting cells at 20 degrees C did not act on the ROS production induced by the chemotactic peptide. The exposure of the primed cells results in a subsequent increase in the fMLP response. Therefore, the primed neutrophils are susceptible to the mm waves. Specific inhibitors of the protein kinases abolished the mm wave effect on the primed cells. The data indicate that protein kinases actively participate in transduction of the mm wave signal to effector molecules involved in neutrophil respiratory burst.

Millimeter wave induced reversible externalization of phosphatidylserine molecules in cells exposed in vitro

“…Indeed the therapeutic low power MMW exposure applied on certain skin areas generates less than a 2 8C temperature elevation in the superficial layers of the exposed skin. This circumscribed moderate heating is unlikely to be the only factor responsible for the diverse systemic effects reported [Rojavin et al, 2000;Miryutova et al, 2001;Radzievsky et al, 2001;Chidichimo et al, 2002;Logani et al, 2002;Safronova et al, 2002;Vorobyov and Khramov, 2002;Makar et al, 2003;Usichenko et al, 2003]. On the contrary, MMW exposure at higher output power levels generates significantly more heating in the exposed skin.…”

Millimeter-wave interactions with the human body: state of knowledge and recent advances

“…Free-space exposure set-ups or anechoic chambers have been previously used in most of the studies implying cell or animal exposures to millimeter waves [32][33][34][35]. Recently, several research projects have been focused on the development of compact millimeter-wave reverberation chambers providing uniform exposure of animals independently on their position.…”

Extremely high‐frequency electromagnetic radiation enhances neutrophil response to particulate agonists

“…EHF EMR (41.8–42.05 GHz) has been shown to inhibit ROS production by neutrophils activated with OZ in near‐field and far‐field zones of channel radiator [Gapeyev et al, , ]. However, increases in fMLP–responses of primed MPNs but not of intact cells have been detected upon cell exposure to low‐intensity 42.2 GHz EMR in far‐field zones of irradiating horn antenna under temperature control [Safronova et al, ].…”

“…Gapeyev et al [, ] showed that a low‐intensity EHF EMR (41.8–42.05 GHz) in the near‐field zone of a channel radiator inhibited ROS production by mouse peritoneal neutrophils (MPNs) that had been activated with opsonized zymosan on a quasi‐resonant manner. However, the activation of MPNs by N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) was shown to be amplified upon cell exposure to low‐intensity 42.2 GHz radiation [Safronova et al, ]. In in vivo experiments, low‐intensity 42 GHz radiation suppressed the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils by approximately 50% within 2–3 h after single whole‐body exposure of healthy mice, which reduced the severity of inflammation in mice [Kolomytseva et al, ; Lushnikov et al, ].…”