Extremely high‐frequency electromagnetic radiation enhances neutrophil response to particulate agonists

Abstract

The growing use of extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in information and communication technology and in biomedical applications has raised concerns regarding the potential biological impact of millimeter waves (MMWs). Here, we elucidated the effects of MMW radiation on neutrophil activation induced by opsonized zymosan or E. coli in whole blood ex vivo. After agonist addition to blood, two samples were prepared. A control sample was incubated at ambient conditions without any treatment, and a test sample was exposed to EHF EMR (32.9-39.6 GHz, 100 W/m ). We used methods that allowed us to assess the functional status of neutrophils immediately after exposure: oxidant production levels were measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, and morphofunctional changes to neutrophils were observed in blood smears. Results revealed that the response of neutrophils to both agonists was intensified if blood was exposed to MMW radiation for 15 min. Neutrophils were intact in both the control and irradiated samples if no agonist was added to blood before incubation. Similarly, exposing suspensions of isolated neutrophils in plasma to MMW radiation enhanced cell response to both zymosan and E. coli. Heating blood samples was shown to be the primary mechanism underlying enhanced EHF EMR-induced oxidant production by neutrophils in response to particulate agonists. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:144-155, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Long-term exposure to a 40-GHz electromagnetic field does not affect genotoxicity or heat shock protein expression in HCE-T or SRA01/04 cells

“…Very few studies have examined the effect of this wavelength on this type of cells, but some positive data have been obtained in cells exposed to similar frequencies. Recently, Vlasova et al indicated that 32.9–39.6-GHz exposure enhanced the neutrophil response to particulate agonists [26]. The frequency used in that experiment was similar to the one we used, although power density was almost 10-fold higher, and this difference alone might have affected the results.…”

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

“…Eight in vitro studies were performed [18,20,47,91,97,99,101,102] of which seven reported responses. In one study [99], human blood cells ( ex vivo ) were exposed to MMW for 5, 15 and 30 min (32.9–39.6 GHz, 10 mW/cm 2 ). The activation of the cells was examined in the presence or absence of bacteria.…”

The influence of high frequency electromagnetic field on the growth of lactic acid bacteria used in the food industry

“…It should be noted that there are practically no data in the literature on changes in the enzymatic activity of lactic acid bacteria exposed to EMF. The authors of [3] presented the results of an experimental determination of lactase activity under different conditions. However, we did not find any results concerning changes in the activity of enzymes of conjugated metabolic pathways.…”

“…Recently, as one of the promising methods of influencing biological objects, the action of an extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF EHF) of the millimeter range is considered. Analysis of the data available in the literature allows us to make a conclusion about the possibility of the existence of EHF waves interaction mechanisms with cells of plant or animal origin, which affect the fundamental mechanisms of the functioning of living systems, which leads to significant changes in their physiological activity [1][2][3][4]. Determination of the optimal conditions for the impact of EHF EMF on microbial cells, under which there is a significant shift in the external manifestations of the reaction of microorganisms, allows to intensify biotechnological production.…”