Immunological function in marine invertebrates: Responses to environmental perturbation

Ellis, Robert P.; He, Parry; Spicer, JI; Hutchinson, Thomas H.; Pipe, RK; Widdicombe, Steve

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.017

Cited by 207 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…On the other hand, at sub lethal level both treatments with sediments spiked with virgin plastics as well as those treated with benzo(a)pyrene showed a biphasic effect on phagocytosis activities of NR-conjugated particles. Since phagocytosis is frequently used as a proxy for immunocompetence in aquatic organisms (Ellis et al, 2011), data on coelomocytes phagocytic activity may reproduce the global impact on the immune system. A significant stimulation in exposures dealing with virgin plastic was observed; while in the meantime an opposite inhibition of the phagocytotic activity was reported in coelomocytes of individuals treated with sediments spiked with B[a]P pre-incubated plastic particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Ingested PVC Micro Particles With and Without Adsorbed Benzo(a)pyrene vs. Spiked Sediments on the Cellular and Sub Cellular Processes of the Benthic Organism Hediste diversicolor

Gomiero

Strafella

Pellini³

et al. 2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Plastic micro litter represents an emerging contaminant as well as a multiple stress agent in aquatic environments. Microplastics are found even in the remote areas of the world. Together with their occurrence in all environmental compartments, there is a growing concern about their potential to adsorb pollutants co-occurring in the environment. At present, little is known about this source of exposure for aquatic organisms in the benthic environment. Exposure conditions were set up to mimick the contribution of microplastics through different exposure routes. Potential biological effects resulting from these exposures were investigated in the model organism Hediste diversicolor, an annelid worm. Cellular effects including alterations of immunological responses, lysosomal compartment changes, mitochondrial activity, oxyradical production and onset of genotoxicity were assessed in coelomocytes while temporary and permanent effects of oxidative stress were also performed at tissue level. In this study polyvinylchloride (PVC) microparticles were shown to adsorb benzo(a)pyrene with a time and dose-dependent relationship. The elevated bioavailability of the model pollutant after ingestion induced a clear pattern of biological responses. Toxicity mainly targeted impairment of cellular functioning and genotoxicity in H. diversicolor coelomocytes, while permanent effects of oxidative stress were observed at tissue level. Coelomocytes responded fast and with a higher degree of sensitivity to the adverse stimuli. The results showed that microplastic particles in sediments may play a significant role as vectors for organic pollutants. The highest adverse responses were observed in those H. diversicolor exposed to sediments spiked with PVC particles pre-incubated with B[a]P when compared against sediments spiked with B[a]P and plastic microparticles separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Ingested PVC Micro Particles With and Without Adsorbed Benzo(a)pyrene vs. Spiked Sediments on the Cellular and Sub Cellular Processes of the Benthic Organism Hediste diversicolor

Gomiero

Strafella

Pellini³

et al. 2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…These costs are central to our understanding of ecological immunology (Rolff and Siva-Jothy, 2003;Sheldon and Verhulst, 1996). Measuring an organism's susceptibility to a realised pathogenic threat therefore offers a better assessment of impaired immune function (Ellis et al, 2011;Viney et al, 2005). Indeed, by showing that an exposure to reduced seawater pH failed to impact host defence of mussels in isolation, yet haemocytes of OA exposed mussels were more susceptible to a bacterial exposure than their control counterparts, Asplund et al (2013) demonstrate the importance of considering the immune response in the context of a realised pathogen exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immune response is vital to all animals, controlling or fighting any pathogenic challenge (Ellis et al, 2011). It is therefore a key determinant of host survival under changing environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with reduced seawater pH, only two studies to date have measured the combined effects of reduced seawater pH and temperature on the immune response of a marine organism, despite there being a significant body of literature that has investigated the impact of environmental temperature on host defence in marine invertebrates in isolation (see Ellis et al, 2011). In exposing the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, to a seawater pH of 7.6 for 4 months over a range of temperatures from 5°C to 18°C, Hernroth et al (2012) found that a combined exposure to these two stressors led to a reduction in total haemocyte counts in this crustacean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring an organism's immune response in the presence of a realised pathogenic threat arguably offers the best assessment of any altered immune functionality or immune suppression (Ellis et al, 2011;Viney et al, 2005), yet to date only one study has investigated the impact of reduced seawater pH in a marine organism in the presence of a pathogen. Asplund et al (2013) investigated the impact of a reduced seawater pH on the host pathogen interaction between the blue mussel, M. edulis, and a common bivalve bacterial pathogen, Vibrio tubiashii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature

Ellis

Widdicombe

Parry

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Ocean acidification (OA) and warming pose a considerable threat to marine ecosystems. Previous studies show that these environmental co-stressors significantly impact upon a number of key physiological functions, including calcification, metabolism and growth, in many marine organisms. Yet despite the importance of the immune system, to date only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of reduced seawater pH on an organism's immune response. Furthermore, whilst temperature has received far greater attention with respect to host defence, there is a dearth of information concerning the possible synergism of these two stressors on immune defence. Here we show that a 90 day exposure to reduced seawater pH led to a reduction in the antibacterial activity of cell-free haemolymph in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, whilst temperature led to an increase in this immune parameter. However in contrast to previous research, following this initial 90 day exposure, mussels in the current study were then exposed to the pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio tubiashii. Crucially, whilst reduced seawater pH initially appeared to impair immunological functioning, as has been interpreted previously, mussels demonstrated the ability to restore haemolymph bactericidal activity when required. This indicated that the initial reduction in antibacterial activity was in fact a reversible physiological trade-off, rather than an irreversible impairment of immune function. By demonstrating this plasticity, the current study illustrates the need to measure organism responses within a realistic natural context (i.e. measuring the immune response of an organism in the presence of a pathogen). Failure to do so may result in a misleading interpretation of the ecological relevance of experimental data, and thus the sensitivity of different species in a rapidly changing environment.

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Cephalopods

Scimeca

Barord²,

Lewbart

2021

Invertebrate Medicine

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Immunological function in marine invertebrates: Responses to environmental perturbation

Cited by 207 publications

References 149 publications

Comparative Effects of Ingested PVC Micro Particles With and Without Adsorbed Benzo(a)pyrene vs. Spiked Sediments on the Cellular and Sub Cellular Processes of the Benthic Organism Hediste diversicolor

Comparative Effects of Ingested PVC Micro Particles With and Without Adsorbed Benzo(a)pyrene vs. Spiked Sediments on the Cellular and Sub Cellular Processes of the Benthic Organism Hediste diversicolor

Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature

Cephalopods

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