Immunologic Distinction between Infectious and Serum Hepatitis

Prince, A. M.; Hargrove, R. L.; Szmuness, Wolf; Cherubin, C. E.; Fontana, Vincenzo; Jeffries, Graham H.

doi:10.1056/nejm197004302821801

Cited by 177 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This initial link to a hepatitis virus was confirmed in expanded studies 4 and subsequently shown to be specific for the hepatitis B virus. 5 In retrospect, these findings nicely explained the association with institutionalized patients and the high prevalence in patients with leukemia, who were both highly exposed by transfusion and immunosuppressed with a proclivity to the HBV carrier state.…”

Section: Transfusion-associated Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 74%

The hazards of blood transfusion in historical perspective

Alter

Klein

2008

Blood

288

198

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The beginning of the modern era of blood transfusion coincided with World War II and the resultant need for massive blood replacement. Soon thereafter, the hazards of transfusion, particularly hepatitis and hemolytic transfusion reactions, became increasingly evident. The past half century has seen the near eradication of transfusion-associated hepatitis as well as the emergence of multiple new pathogens, most notably HIV. Specific donor screening assays and other interventions have minimized, but not eliminated, infectious disease transmission. Other transfusion hazards persist, including human error resulting in the inadvertent transfusion of incompatible blood, acute and delayed transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD), and transfusion-induced immunomodulation. These infectious and noninfectious hazards are reviewed briefly in the context of their historical evolution.

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Section: Transfusion-associated Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 74%

The hazards of blood transfusion in historical perspective

Alter

Klein

2008

Blood

288

198

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“…Heathcote and Sherlock, 1973). HBAg is found more often in young adults (Prince et al, 1970) and the carrier rate is high in homosexuals (Vahrman, 1973), in patients attending venereal disease clinics (Jeffries et al, 1973), and in prostitutes (Papaevangelou et al, 1973). HBAg carrier rates are not an index of cumulative past experience of hepatitis B (Blumberg et al, 1969, Szmuness et al, 1973.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody in Prostitutes

Papaevangelou¹,

Trichopoulos²,

Kremastinou³

et al. 1974

BMJ

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SummaryWe investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in 293 prostitutes and in 379 pregnant women of similar age and of low socioeconomic level, who served as controls. HBAg was found in 4-4% of prostitutes and 3-4% of controls. The prevalence of HBAb was significantly higher (P <0 001) in prostitutes (56 7%) than in controls (24*5%). The prevalence of HBAb was clearly age-dependent in both groups. Evidence of hepatitis B virus infection significantly increased with the number of years in prostitution. The evidence of increased infection rates among prostitutes and their distribution support the hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is sexually transmitted. IntroductionRecent studies suggest that hepatitis B may be transmitted by non-parenteral or at least inapparent routes (Cossart, 1971) and that sexual transmission may play an important role in the spread of the disease (Jeffries et al., 1973). Thus a high rate of infection might be expected among prostitutes. We therefore decided to test this hypothesis by studying the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in prostitutes in Athens, where the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection is high (Papaevangelou et al., 1971). We report the results of the study in this paper.

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“…The reported finding of HAA in patients with viral hepatitis by Blumberg et al [2] has been confirmed by many workers [6,9,12,13]. The antigen was detected in frequency varying between 17% [11] and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Cossart and Vahrman [4] found no difference in the average time of collection of specimens after onset of symptoms between the positive and the negative for HAA group. Most of the workers, how ever, agree that the antigen is present in the early stages of the disease and then disappears quickly [5,13,18].…”

Section: /C [1]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis Associated Antigen in Acute Viral Hepatitis in Greece

Papaevangelou¹,

Kourea²,

Tsoukas³

1971

Pathobiology

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The significance of hepatitis associated antigen (HAA) was studied by immunodiffusion techniques in 270 sporadic acute viral hepatitis cases in Greece. The antigen was detected in 94 (34.8%) cases. The incidence was higher in the early stages and declined later in the course of the disease. It was further demonstrated that there is no sex or age difference in the incidence of HAA, which is also independent from the severity of the disease as reflected in the SGPT activity. The cases were characterised by available detailed history as infectious hepatitis (IH) or serum hepatitis (SH). The HAA was detected in almost equal proportions in both types. Also, they did not differ in their mean geometrical titre of HAA or in the trend of decline of their incidence in the later stages of the disease.

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Immunologic Distinction between Infectious and Serum Hepatitis

Cited by 177 publications

References 21 publications

The hazards of blood transfusion in historical perspective

The hazards of blood transfusion in historical perspective

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody in Prostitutes

Hepatitis Associated Antigen in Acute Viral Hepatitis in Greece

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