Immunologic Characteristics of Anti-Erythrocyte Membrane Antibody Produced in Dogs during Babesia gibsoni Infection.

Patogênese e achados clínicos, hematológicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção por Rangelia vitalii em 35 cães (1985-2009)

“…As doenças infecciosas que cursam com hemólise imunomedida incluem: anaplasmose em bovinos (Ristic 1961, Mann & Ristic 1963, Kreier et al 1964, Brock et al 1965, Cox & Dimopoullos 1972 e ovinos (Uilenberg et al 1979), micoplasmose hemotrópica felina (Zulty & Kociba 1984), micoplasmose hemotrópica canina (Bundza et al 1976), anemia associada à infecção pelo vírus da leucemia felina (Hartmann 2006), anemia infecciosa equina (Squire 1968), babesiose em cães (Onishi et al 1990, Adachi et al 1995, Morita et al 1995, babesiose em ovinos (Alani & Herbert 1988), tripanossomíase em bovinos (Murray & Dexter 1988), eperitrozoonose em suínos (Hoffmann et al 1981), erlichiose monocitotrópica aguda em cães (Harrus et al 1999) e leptospirose (Fry & McGavin 2007, Prescott 2007 em bezerros, cordeiros, cabritinhos e leitões. Em humanos, hemólise imune é vista com certa frequencia durante quadros de malária (Woodruff et al 1979) e após algumas outras infecções, mas, diferentemente de animais, ocorre basicamente como doença das aglutininas frias.…”

Clinical management of canine babesiosis

“…In addition, indirect pathways of RBC destruction are important contributors in the pathogenicity of Babesia ‐induced anemia. These pathways include immune destruction secondary to the development of antierythrocyte membrane antibodies, inhibition of erythrocyte 5′‐nucleiosidase, development of methemoglobinemia secondary to oxidative stress, induction of serum hemolytic proteins, and increased macrophage erythrophagocytic activity 50–59 …”

Molecular Evidence of Infections withBabesia gibsoniParasites in Japan and Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method

“…The clinical severity of babesiosis in dogs is influenced to an extent by the age and the immune status of the affected individual: B. gibsoni infection causes progressive anemia in infected animals after surgery or when the animals are receiving immunosuppressive therapy and in general tends to be more severe in young dogs, with a subclinical carrier state arising after recovery from infection. Moreover, host immune responses to the parasite and changes in erythrocyte membrane proteins lead to the development of antierythrocyte antibodies, immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction, and a combination of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis (1,6), with evidence of immune-mediated hemolysis in blood smears and with many animals having a positive Coomb's test (13). Thrombocytopenia is also commonly reported, along with variable leukocyte changes, influenced by the effects of stress, systemic inflammation, and bone marrow stimulation (3,20).…”