Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in the Pancreatic Islet Cells of Cattle with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Taniyama, Hiroyuki; Hirayama, K.; Kagawa, Yumiko; Ushiki, Takashi; Kitaoka, Takashi; Furuoka, Hidefumi; Ono, Tamao

doi:10.1053/jcpa.1999.0312

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For example, bovine viral diarrhea antigen within ␤-cells was reported concurrently with lymphocytic pancreatitis in a group of cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 15 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, mainly in humans and cats, has primarily been associated with ␤-cell production and progressive deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide. 16 The role of islet amyloid polypeptide in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is unclear; in fact it is uncertain if deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide is a cause of or a response to diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus in a Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severa)

Pilny¹,

Luong²

2005

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus in a Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severa)

Pilny¹,

Luong²

2005

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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“…28,65,77 The utility of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for BVDV antigen has been demonstrated in Vet Pathol 44:643-654 (2007) numerous studies of both persistent as well as acute BVDV infection. 7,11,19,20,26,27,29,30,[35][36][37][38]46,47,51,56,76,78,80,86 Staining for BVDV antigen serves as one of the major means of detecting BVDV persistently infected calves in surveillance efforts. 20,56 IHC studies have also indicated that the brain is a primary target of fetal infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution and Cellular Heterogeneity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viral Antigen Expression in the Brain of Persistently Infected Calves: A New Perspective

Montgomery

2007

Vet Pathol

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Persistent infection following in utero exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) early in gestation is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle industries worldwide. The brain is a primary target of persistent infection. In the current study, the types of cells infected and topography of viral antigen expression were examined in brain sections from 9 BVDV persistently infected crossbred calves, all less than 1 year of age, by immunohistochemical staining using the 15C5 primary monoclonal antibody. BVDV antigen was detected in the brains of all persistently infected calves. A variety of cell types was infected, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia, blood vessel-associated cells (pericytes, perivascular macrophages, smooth muscle cells), and cells in the leptomeninges (blood vessel-associated cells). Conclusive demonstration of viral antigen in vascular endothelial cells was elusive. The intensity and distribution of viral antigen staining in neurons were highly variable. Viral antigen staining was most consistent and intense in thalamic nuclei, most notably in dorsal and medial nuclear groups, followed by the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, basal nuclei, and piriform cortex. Staining in other brain areas was often less intense and inconsistent. The variability in the intensity and topography of viral antigen in the brain may explain the heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of BVDV-induced disease. Additionally, infection of the brain in persistently infected calves may underlie or at least contribute to endocrine disturbances and immunologic deficits that are protean manifestations of BVDV-induced disease.

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“…69(9): 985-987, 2007 Diabetes mellitus is uncommon in cattle whose blood glucose concentration is regulated within a narrow range. Although there are a few individual reports of diabetes mellitus in cattle [1][2][3][4][7][8][9], most of them deal mainly with histopathological findings of diabetic cattle [11][12][13][14]. Therefore, only a few clinical features of diabetes mellitus in cattle have been clarified.…”

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Propionate Tolerance Test for Determination of Insulin Secretion in a Hyperglycemic japanese Black Steer

Takasu

Ohba

Iguchi

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A propionate tolerance test (PTT) was used to determine the pathophysiology of a Japanese Black steer with hyperglycemia. In the hyperglycemic steer, a low insulin secretion was confirmed by a glucose tolerance test (GTT), so that the hyperglycemic steer was diagnosed as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although the plasma insulin concentration in the control cattle increased in response to propionate stimulation, a low insulin response to PTT was observed in the diabetic steer. The fact that both PTT and GTT determined that the diabetic steer had low insulin secretion suggests that the PTT might be an effective diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus in cattle. KEY WORDS: cattle, diabetes mellitus, propionate tolerance test.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(9): 985-987, 2007 Diabetes mellitus is uncommon in cattle whose blood glucose concentration is regulated within a narrow range. Although there are a few individual reports of diabetes mellitus in cattle [1][2][3][4][7][8][9], most of them deal mainly with histopathological findings of diabetic cattle [11][12][13][14]. Therefore, only a few clinical features of diabetes mellitus in cattle have been clarified. To determine the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) is commonly carried out in cattle as well as other animals, and diabetes mellitus is classified as either insulindependent or non-insulin dependent [5,6]. In ruminants, the blood glucose concentration is maintained at a stable level, because it is regulated by fermentation in the rumen and by gluconeogenesis from volatile fatty acids in the liver. Therefore, cattle are poorly adapted to hyperglycemia, and hyperglycemia caused by GTT might induce metabolic abnormality in diabetic cattle to make their condition worse. Since glucose metabolism in ruminants is quite different from that in monogastric animals, an alternative method of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in cattle seemed to be needed. In this report, we conducted a propionate tolerance test (PTT) to determine the pathophysiology of a hyperglycemic steer, because propionate injection is known to directly stimulate insulin secretion and to be a major glycogenic substrate for ruminants [10].A one-year-old Japanese Black steer, weighing 220 kg and in an emaciated condition, was presented with a 2-month history of chronic serous diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and depression. Its rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were 39.4°C, 65 beats/min, and 18 breaths/min, respectively, and they were considered normal. The steer's water intake increased, and the frequency and strength of its rumen contractions decreased. The steer demonstrated neither the abnormal behavior associated with neurologic manifestations nor the posture peculiar to abdominal pain.A routine hematological examination, including a complete blood count and blood biochemistry, was performed using an automatic analyzer (Celltac, MEK-5258, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan, and FDC 3500V, Fuji Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). The st...

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Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in the Pancreatic Islet Cells of Cattle with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Diabetes Mellitus in a Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severa)

Diabetes Mellitus in a Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severa)

Distribution and Cellular Heterogeneity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viral Antigen Expression in the Brain of Persistently Infected Calves: A New Perspective

Propionate Tolerance Test for Determination of Insulin Secretion in a Hyperglycemic japanese Black Steer

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