ABSTRACT. A 24-day-old female Holstein calf had a soft, painless fluctuating swelling on the median plane in the frontal region, but did not show any clinical symptoms including neurological signs. Computer tomography (CT) distinctly showed the cyst filled with fluid and part of the encephalon. Hence, this swelling was diagnosed as meningoencephalocele, but not meningocele. The meningoencephalocele was successfully repaired surgically. Meningoencephalocele can thus be easily recognised by CT in a calf.
ABSTRACT. We encountered an extremely rare tumor, a pericardial mesothelioma, in a neonatal calf. The patient calf showed severe abdominal distention, and died immediately after birth. The thoracic cavity was contained a huge heart with a large amount of pericardial fluid. A number of granular and cobblestone-like nodules were dispersed over the epicardium and pericardium. The nodules consisted of papillary proliferations of neoplastic cells, and the neoplasm occasionally showed mesenchymal proliferations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that they had the characteristics of mesothelial cells (cytokeratin-and vimentin-positive), and the neoplasm was diagnosed as mesothelioma. KEY WORDS: congenital tumor, neonatal calf, pericardial mesothelioma.
Carcinosarcoma is a malignant tumor consisting of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements that rarely occurs in the stomach [1]. We present a case of gastric carcinosarcoma presenting as anemia and with interesting endoscopic features. An 83-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) because of anemia (hemoglobin 6.3 g/dL) that had been diagnosed 2 weeks previously. EGD revealed an ulcerative lesion in the gastric antrum (• " Fig. 1). An exophytic mass was protruding from the ulcer base and was covered with whitish exudates and clotted blood (• " Fig. 2). A biopsy specimen was obtained from the ulcerative lesion, and a pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made. The ulcerative lesion was suspected to be the source of bleeding and the cause of the patient's anemia. No other source of bleeding was evident. The patient subsequently underwent gastrectomy and extirpation of the affected lymph nodes (• " Fig. 3). Histopathologically, the tumor was seen to involve all the layers of the gastric wall and to consist of both epithelial and spindle cells (• " Fig. 4). The epithelial cells had a solid growth pattern with foci of tubular growth (• " Fig. 5). Proliferation of spindle cells with marked cytological atypia was seen across most of the tumor (• " Fig. 6). Histochemistry was positive for cytokeratin in the epithelial component. The spindle cells stained intensively for vimentin, although neither muscular nor neural differentiation was evident. The tumor was finally diagnosed as a gastric carcinosarcoma. Carcinosarcomas in the stomach may be polypoid, exophytic, or endophytic, with generally ulcerated surfaces; they frequently infiltrate the gastric wall in the antral or pyloric region and form large tumor masses [2-5]. Gastric carcinosarcoma should be taken into consideration when a giant gastric tumor shows endoscopic features that are atypical of gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT. A propionate tolerance test (PTT) was used to determine the pathophysiology of a Japanese Black steer with hyperglycemia. In the hyperglycemic steer, a low insulin secretion was confirmed by a glucose tolerance test (GTT), so that the hyperglycemic steer was diagnosed as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although the plasma insulin concentration in the control cattle increased in response to propionate stimulation, a low insulin response to PTT was observed in the diabetic steer. The fact that both PTT and GTT determined that the diabetic steer had low insulin secretion suggests that the PTT might be an effective diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus in cattle. KEY WORDS: cattle, diabetes mellitus, propionate tolerance test.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(9): 985-987, 2007 Diabetes mellitus is uncommon in cattle whose blood glucose concentration is regulated within a narrow range. Although there are a few individual reports of diabetes mellitus in cattle [1][2][3][4][7][8][9], most of them deal mainly with histopathological findings of diabetic cattle [11][12][13][14]. Therefore, only a few clinical features of diabetes mellitus in cattle have been clarified. To determine the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) is commonly carried out in cattle as well as other animals, and diabetes mellitus is classified as either insulindependent or non-insulin dependent [5,6]. In ruminants, the blood glucose concentration is maintained at a stable level, because it is regulated by fermentation in the rumen and by gluconeogenesis from volatile fatty acids in the liver. Therefore, cattle are poorly adapted to hyperglycemia, and hyperglycemia caused by GTT might induce metabolic abnormality in diabetic cattle to make their condition worse. Since glucose metabolism in ruminants is quite different from that in monogastric animals, an alternative method of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in cattle seemed to be needed. In this report, we conducted a propionate tolerance test (PTT) to determine the pathophysiology of a hyperglycemic steer, because propionate injection is known to directly stimulate insulin secretion and to be a major glycogenic substrate for ruminants [10].A one-year-old Japanese Black steer, weighing 220 kg and in an emaciated condition, was presented with a 2-month history of chronic serous diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and depression. Its rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were 39.4°C, 65 beats/min, and 18 breaths/min, respectively, and they were considered normal. The steer's water intake increased, and the frequency and strength of its rumen contractions decreased. The steer demonstrated neither the abnormal behavior associated with neurologic manifestations nor the posture peculiar to abdominal pain.A routine hematological examination, including a complete blood count and blood biochemistry, was performed using an automatic analyzer (Celltac, MEK-5258, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan, and FDC 3500V, Fuji Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). The st...
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