Immunoglobulin Secretions in the Mesenteric Lymph Node in Stressed Rats

A major stability issue of food and other products containing lipids is their susceptibility to oxidation and the efficacy of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants that are sensitive to internal morphological and chemical structures which are difficult to characterize with current analytical methods. This work develops signal reconstruction of 1H LF‐NMR spin‐lattice (T1) and spin‐spin (T2) energy relaxation times into 2D T2 versus T1 peak graphs of the internal chemical and morphological arrangements within lipid materials, with the potential for efficient structural studies of lipid oxidation and antioxidant efficacy in complex foods. This novel NMR inverse Laplace transformation (ILT) signal processing reconstruction is now applied in a PUFA‐rich linseed oil's thermal autoxidation and antioxidant efficacy study. To characterize antioxidant efficacy, it is important to understand the mechanism of oxidation and the chemical and morphological structural aspects. The initial steps of oxidation show a clear peak shift to shorter T2 versus T1 peak values, for the different poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which for mono‐unsaturated and saturated FAs remain unchanged. These peak shifts are within an oxidation time period needed for hydroperoxides formation. For longer oxidation times a new set of T2 versus T1 peaks are generated with shorter T2 and stable and/or increased T1 values, suggesting formation of aldehydes and polymerized oxidation end products. The chemical changes of the fatty acids of linseed oil are confirmed by their gas chromatography analysis during the studied time interval. Similarly peroxides and aldehydes formation trends are confirmed by PV and p‐ansidine tests, respectively for the same time points. Based on the oxidation study the control of T1 and T2 relaxation times by α tocopherol antioxidant is characterized. In effect α tocopherol antioxidant maintains peak stability during linseed oil's thermal autoxidation, in a 2D T2 versus T1 relaxation time graph of peaks assigned to chemical morphological structures, demonstrating α tocopherol's ability to minimize linseed oil's oxidation. Practical Application: Monitoring of food products oxidation and quality control. 1H LF‐NMR T1 and T2 energy relaxation times reconstructed with PDCO into 2D spectra of material analysis has proven to be an advantageous tool to monitor complex chemical and morphological structural changes during the autoxidation of PUFA‐rich linseed oil. It is suggested that an initial oxidation phase generates a shift, of the original linseed peaks along the T1 = T2 diagonal due to hydroperoxide formation. At longer oxidation times there is an accumulation of peaks below the diagonal line assigned to oligomeric/polymeric termination products, generating a significant “bending effect.” α tocopherol addition at effective concentrations is able to change this pattern of PUFA‐rich linseed oil oxidation by blocking early peaks shift and late bending effect.

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“…This is in good agreement with other reports. [33] GC analysis of the mixtures of linseed oil with α tocopherol (Figure 5b…”

Section: Monitoring Of α Tocopherol Antioxidant Efficacy During Linsementioning

confidence: 99%

¹H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

Resende

Linder

Wiesman

2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Assays on rats with an electric shock protocol showed that stress suppressed the production of IFN-γ through T cells with TCRαβ in the intraepithelial compartment, while at the same time elevating the level of endogenous glucocorticoids (Zhang et al, 2005). Studies on rodents under psychological stress have also reported a decrease in levels of intestinal SIgA, caused by: (i) an expectation of electric foot shock (Yamamoto et al, 2009), (ii) a continuous back and forth transference from housing cages to metabolic cages (Eriksson et al, 2004), and (iii) immobilization, in some cases combined with exposure to loud noise (Ponferrada et al, 2007; Caso et al, 2009; Zoppi et al, 2012). …”

Section: The Restraint Model and The Influence Of Stress In The Intesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although stress has been regarded as immunosuppressive, it can enhance the levels of IgA (Yamamoto et al, 2009) and CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes in the MLN of rats under stress by electric foot shock or exposure to heat (Liu et al, 2012). The capacity of restraint stress to activate the gene expression of purine rich element binding protein A ( pura ) has been reported to be responsible for priming T cells to undergo proliferation (Flint et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Immunomodulatory Mechanisms Of Stress (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress modulates intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A

Campos-Rodrı́guez

Godínez‐Victoria

Abarca-Rojano

et al. 2013

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Stress is a response of the central nervous system to environmental stimuli perceived as a threat to homeostasis. The stress response triggers the generation of neurotransmitters and hormones from the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, sympathetic axis and brain gut axis, and in this way modulates the intestinal immune system. The effects of psychological stress on intestinal immunity have been investigated mostly with the restraint/immobilization rodent model, resulting in an up or down modulation of SIgA levels depending on the intensity and time of exposure to stress. SIgA is a protein complex formed by dimeric (dIgA) or polymeric IgA (pIgA) and the secretory component (SC), a peptide derived from the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The latter receptor is a transmembrane protein expressed on the basolateral side of gut epithelial cells, where it uptakes dIgA or pIgA released by plasma cells in the lamina propria. As a result, the IgA-pIgR complex is formed and transported by vesicles to the apical side of epithelial cells. pIgR is then cleaved to release SIgA into the luminal secretions of gut. Down modulation of SIgA associated with stress can have negative repercussions on intestinal function and integrity. This can take the form of increased adhesion of pathogenic agents to the intestinal epithelium and/or an altered balance of inflammation leading to greater intestinal permeability. Most studies on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the stress response have focused on systemic immunity. The present review analyzes the impact of stress (mostly by restraint/immobilization, but also with mention of other models) on the generation of SIgA, pIgR and other humoral and cellular components involved in the intestinal immune response. Insights into these mechanisms could lead to better therapies for protecting against pathogenic agents and avoiding epithelial tissue damage by modulating intestinal inflammation.

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“…Preparation and analysis of lymphocytes. Lymphocyte culture and analysis were performed as described by Yamamoto et al (27). In brief, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens (SPL) were removed and minced in RPMI 1640 medium (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MLN and SPL lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur HG (Becton Dickinson) (27). For staining, the lymphocytes were isolated as described above, resuspended at 1.2310 7 cells/ mL, and incubated on ice for 30 min with phycoerythrin-or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD45RA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Diet Regulates Intestinal Permeability and Antibody Production in Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Injury Rats

Kikuchi

Matsuo

Nabeta

et al. 2019

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Administration of indomethacin (Indo) to rats induces acute mucosal lesions similar to those observed in Crohn's disease patients, but the damage can be prevented by feeding the animals an elemental diet (ED). In this study, we examined changes in intestinal macroscopic appearance, permeability, and immunoglobulin production after administration of Indo to male Sprague-Dawley rats fed normal lab chow or an ED. Intestinal damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of Indo on two successive days. Mucosal permeability, as measured by urinary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein, peaked on day 2 after Indo injection, whereas the most severe intestinal damage, as scored by macroscopic inflammatory changes, was observed on day 3. Flow cytometric analysis of mesenteric lymph node cells revealed that the proportion of CD45RA 1 cells was increased after Indo treatment. Furthermore, in vitro-cultured mesenteric lymph node and spleen lymphocytes from Indotreated rats produced higher levels of IgA and IgG than did cells from vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, IgG and albumin concentrations in plasma were significantly decreased by Indo administration. Notably, none of the Indo-induced changes was observed in ED-fed rats. These findings suggest that an ED may prevent the appearance of Indo-induced mucosal lesions, at least in part, by modulating intestinal permeability and antibody production.

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Immunoglobulin Secretions in the Mesenteric Lymph Node in Stressed Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

¹H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

¹H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

Stress modulates intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A

Elemental Diet Regulates Intestinal Permeability and Antibody Production in Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Injury Rats

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Immunoglobulin Secretions in the Mesenteric Lymph Node in Stressed Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

1H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

1H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

Stress modulates intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A

Elemental Diet Regulates Intestinal Permeability and Antibody Production in Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Injury Rats

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Product

Resources

About

¹H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

¹H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants