Summary To study the effects of different types of stressors on intestinal immune function, the lymphocyte subsets and associated immunoglobulin production in stressed rats were observed. Physical (electric foot shock) or psychological (non foot-shock) stress respectively were induced using a communication box. Rats were exposed to stress for 2 h per day, and the treatment was maintained for 14 consecutive days. Lymphocytes were isolated from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen using Lympholyte-Rat. There was no change the lymphocyte subsets in MLN or spleen in either group. Foot-shock stress increased immunoglobulin secretions in MLN lymphocytes. These results demonstrated that intestinal immune functions were adaptively regulated under conditions of moderate stress.
Lactic acid (LA) has been used for wide range of food processing and industrial applications, for example, as a raw material of biodegradable plastics, poly(lactic acid)s (PLAs). Thus, there is a demand to incorporate acid-resistance for effective LA production. Acid-tolerant lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus acetotolerans HT, has been isolated from rice vinegar (pH 2.9, 6 % acetic acid). In this study, genes for the D-and L-lactate dehydrogenases (D-LDH, L-LDH1, and L-LDH2) of Lb. acetotolerans HT, which constitute the key enzymes in cell growth and lactic acid production, were cloned and identified. Through heterologous expression of LDH genes in Escherichia coli DH5α, recombinant E. coli DH5α harboring the D-LDH (ldhD) or L-LDH1 (ldhL1) genes were found to produce D-LA or L-LA, respectively, whereas the strain harboring the L-LDH2 (ldhL2) gene did not produce L-LA. This finding strongly suggests that the translational product of the ldhL2 gene does not exhibit L-LDH activity in vivo.
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