“…Caco-2 and HT-29/B6 cells and prevent pro-inflammatory TNFα and TJ dysfunction T-cells response to enteric bacteria ➔ ↑mucosal 5-HT & dopamine, & ↓ tissue 5-HT & NE ➔ related to CNS disorder (+) Low FODMAP diet, Mediterranean diet, Gluten-free diet (especially for HLA-DQ2/8 positive IBD patients), Green tea, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Vitamin D, folic acid, Zinc, Glutamine, Dietary fibers (to produce SCFAs), Psyllium (↓severity of UC), Ginger (especially for Crohn's), Red wine extract (-) High FODMAP diet, Gluten (mainly HLA-DQ2/8-positive Crohn's patients), Processed food including dietary emulsifiers,Food rich in ω−6FA, NSAIDs (Crohn's), Antibiotics (Crohn's), Smoking (Crohn's)Arrieta et al (2009), Bancil et al (2021,Beguin et al (2013),Cordain et al (2000),DeMeo et al (2002),Fukui (2016),Guagnozzi et al (2012),Hossen et al (2020),Kikuchi et al (2019),Kim, Keogh, and Clifton (2018), Lacerda et al (2021), Li et al (2019), Llewellyn et al (2018), Luettig et al (2016), Magnuson et al (2016), Malíčková et al (2017), McAllister et al (2019), Michielan and D'Incà (2015), Nanayakkara et al (2016), Neish (2009), Nunes et al (2019), Sasson et al (2021), Scaldaferri et al (2013), Shin and Lim (2020), Van Buiten et al (2018), Vazquez-Roque et al (2013), Weaver and Herfarth (2021), Yeoh et al (2013), Yoon et al (2018) with HLA) & diet (Food triggers or aggravates 2/3 of IBS patients.) ➔ ↑serum Zonulin level ➔ ↑Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 ➔↑epithelial permeability ➔ lowgrade intestinal inflammation.…”