Immunoassays: their history, development and current place in food science and technology

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to immunoassays. This paper is the first in a themed issue of the Journal in which a number of papers have been brought together in order to demonstrate the types and variety of immunoassays, which are currently available. Indeed it might be said that all an analyst needs to do is to name a molecule and somewhere there will now be an immunoassay for the detection of that molecule. This obviously is not entirely accurate, however immunoassays do provide a powerful tool, which can be used in the analysis and quality control of food materials. For both the novice and the experienced worker the specialist terminology of a subject presents an initial barrier, which must be overcome before full understanding is achieved. In this paper an attempt is made to introduce the important terms with which the reader should be familiar and to try to set the various technologies in context. The various basic methods are described and the theoretical and practical basis of more sophisticated assays now being devised are introduced.

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for salinomycin based on monoclonal antibodies

“…There is increasingly strict requirement to monitor SAL residues in feed and esculent tissues. Immunoassay, for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), presents many advantages than conventional instrumental method because of its high sensitivity, economy and rapid turnaround time [4,5]. Compared with ELISA, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a new and simpler technique than ELISA, which does not involve separation and washing steps.…”

ELISA-based detection of mislabeled albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fresh and frozen fish fillets

“…Particularly, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used technique for regulatory purposes in species authentication because of its specificity, simplicity, sensitivity and high throughput screening (Asensio, Gonzalez, Pavon, Garcia, & Martin, 2008;Faeste & Plassen, 2008;Taylor, Patel, & Jones, 1994). Moreover, advances in ELISA technologies accomplished in the last years have led to rapid development of different easy-to-use stable commercial kits containing all the necessary components for rapid species verification at any point of the supply chain (Bonwick & Smith, 2004).…”

Mikotoksinler ve Tanı Yöntemleri

“…Ancak bunların dışında Flouresans Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) yöntemi de mikotoksinlerin ölçümünde deneme aşamasındadır ve kullanılabileceği yönünde olumlu sonuçlar alınmıştır 4,5,19,28 .…”

“…Yapılan yıkama sonrası bağlanmamış enzimler ayrılmak-ta, kullanılan belirli substrat ile meydana gelen renkli madde miktarı ile toksin miktarı ters orantı-lı olarak bulunan toksin miktarının hesaplanması-nı sağlamaktadır. EMIT'de siklosporin gibi (cyclosporine) gibi bazı toksinlerin analizinde kullanılabilmektedir 4,5 .…”