Immunization with Live Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine

Mucosal Immunity after Vaccination with Monovalent and Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in India

“…The fraction of children with AFP who had vaccine virus isolated from at least 1 stool sample was calculated for each serotype, and the relationship with the time since the most recent challenge with OPV and the type of challenge vaccine was examined. The relationship between vaccine virus excretion among children for whom both stool samples were collected between 4 and 28 days after challenge and the age of the child and between the former and the reported number of doses of OPV previously received was also examined (excretion of virus up to 3 days after challenge was excluded, because it has been suggested that this can be the result of transient passage of vaccine in the stool rather than infection of the gut [18]). The absence of vaccine poliovirus in stool samples collected between 4 and 28 days after challenge may be the result of a protective mucosal response, cessation of excretion before stool collection, or a failure of the vaccine virus to infect the gut ("take").…”

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for poliovirus antigens

“…However, due to small amount of poliovirus in feces the authors concluded that the assay was not suitable. In poliovirus natural infection it was determined that the titer of the virus shed in stool could vary from 10 2 -10 7 TCID 50 /ml (Krugman et al, 1961). Most of EIA detect antigen at level of 1 ng/ml (Deshpande, 1996).…”

Early immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine

“…One of the problems associated with early immunization with TOPV is the possible interference of maternal antibodies with the response to the administered vaccine (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)12). In the present study, passively transferred maternal antibodies were present in all but one neonate and did not seem to have influenced the final outcome, since almost all children in group A seroconverted.…”

“…Immunization of neonates with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was studied extensively in the 1950s and 1960s (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Recently, this possibility has been reevaluated, because in developing countries, where poliomyelitis is not yet under control, early vaccination would permit immunization at a time when there is little interference from intestinal organisms and ensure the administration of at least one dose while the child is still under medical care.…”