Early immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine

The effect of diarrhea on oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) failure was evaluated using data from Brazil, where 728 infants were immunized at birth (OPV1) and approximately 6 (OPV2), 10 (OPV3), and 14 (OPV4) weeks. Recent diarrhea history was significantly associated with increased vaccine failure only after OPV2 for poliovirus types 2 and 3. In multivariate models, controlling for breast feeding, season of vaccine administration (type 3 only), maternal antibody (type 3 only), and immunization campaign exposure (type 3 only) strengthened this effect. Diarrhea at OPV receipt was associated with vaccine failure to poliovirus types 1 and 3 only after OPV2. These data support the current recommendation that children with diarrhea receive OPV and be reimmunized once their illness resolves. Expanding this recommendation to include children with a recent diarrhea history should be considered. While the effect of diarrhea on vaccine failure may be limited to OPV2, programmatic realities may preclude dose-specific recommendations.

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Controlled trial of immune response of preterm infants to recombinant hepatitis B and inactivated poliovirus vaccines administered simultaneously shortly after birth

Linder

Handsher²,

German³

et al. 2000

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Aim-The study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of an early, extra dose of enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) administered simultaneously with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) to preterm infants shortly after birth. Methods-Three groups were studied. Fifty preterm infants received IPV intramuscularly within 24 hours of birth, in addition to routine recommended childhood immunisations. Fifty two preterm infants and 35 full term infants received routine immunisations only (routine vaccination timing: HBV at birth, 1 and 6 months of age; IPV at 2 and 4 months; oral polio vaccine (OPV) at 4 and 6 months; diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) at 2, 4, and 6 months; and Haemophilus influenzae B vaccine at 2 and 4 months). Blood samples were taken at birth, 3 and 7 months of age from all infants, and at 1 month of age from preterm infants only. Results-At birth, a lower percentage of both study and control preterm infants had antipoliovirus type 3 titres > 1:8 than full term infants. At 1 and 3 months of age significantly more early IPV infants had antipoliovirus type 3 titres > 1:8 than routinely vaccinated preterm infants (p < 0.05). At 7 months of age there were no significant diVerences in percentage of antipoliovirus titres > 1:8 or geometric mean times (GMTs) between the early IPV group and the routinely vaccinated preterm group. At 3 and 7 months of age, the percentage of positive antihepatitis B titres (> 1:10) and the GMT of the early IPV preterm group did not diVer significantly from those of preterm controls. There was no significant diVerence in percentage of positive antihepatitis B titres between the early IPV group and full term controls at any time. GMTs for hepatitis B antibodies were significantly lower in the early IPV preterm group than in full term controls at 3 and 7 months of age. Conclusions-Administration of an additional dose of IPV simultaneously with routine HBV to preterm infants shortly after birth provides early protection from poliovirus and hepatitis B infection, and does not interfere with poliovirus antibody production at the age of 7 months.

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Early immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Randomized trial: The effect of oral polio vaccine at birth on polio antibody titers at 6 weeks and 6 months of age

Randomized trial: The effect of oral polio vaccine at birth on polio antibody titers at 6 weeks and 6 months of age

The Effect of Diarrhea on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Failure in Brazil

Controlled trial of immune response of preterm infants to recombinant hepatitis B and inactivated poliovirus vaccines administered simultaneously shortly after birth

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