Immunization coverage in Ethiopia among 12–23 month old children: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy. Immunization averts nearly three million deaths annually but immunization coverage is low in some countries and some regions within countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess pooled immunization coverage in Ethiopia. Method: A systematic search was done from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINARI, and SCOPUS, WHO's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS), African Journals Online databases, grey literature and reviewing reference lists of already identified articles. A checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for appraisal. The I 2 was used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of immunization among 12-23 month old children using STATA 13 software. Result: Twenty eight articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample size of 20,048 children (12-23 months old). The pooled prevalence of immunization among 12-23 month old children in Ethiopia was found to be 47% (95%, CI: 46.0, 47.0). A subgroup analysis by region indicated the lowest proportion of immunized children in the Afar region, 21% (95%, CI: 18.0, 24.0) and the highest in the Amhara region, 89% (95%, CI: 85.0, 92.0). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of 12-23 month old children in Ethiopia were fully vaccinated according to this systematic review and meta-analysis this indicates that the coverage, is still low with a clear disparity among regions. Our finding suggests the need for mobile and outreach immunization services for hard to reach areas, especially pastoral and semi-pastoral regions. In addition, more research may be needed to get more representative data for all regions.

Relation of Parents Economical, Educational and Awareness on Immunization Status of Children

“…While considering education level we had 31%, 28% and 41% parents with no, some and high education respectively. While Nour et al 9 showed no education for 43%, primary education 48.5%, secondary or higher education 56.6% for full vaccination coverage. In another study by Adil et al 12 there were 41.5% parents who had no education and 58.5% had some education.…”

“…According to recent data EPI coverage is 80% for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), 85% for diphtheria pertussis and tetanus (DPT) and Polio and 61% for measles. 9 The immunization profile of Pakistan has not achieved expected results. 3 The EPI programme is facing lots of challenges and implementation.…”

Immunization Status and Challenges During COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 10–23 Months in South Region, Ethiopia 2020

“…The outcome of this study was greater than the study done in a different part of Ethiopia like in Wonago Gedo (47.6.%), Deber Markos (28.3%), northwest Ethiopia (41.6%), Gondar (24.3%), Woldiya (11.3%), Sekota (22.6%), systematic and meta-analysis of immunization from 2003 to 2019 in Ethiopia (41.8%) another systematic and meta-analysis were done in Ethiopia 2020 (53%), at a tertiary-care hospital (University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India (48%) and at Indonesia (2008-2013): a multilevel analysis (38.13%). 3,[5][6][7][8]11,15,19,23 The possible explanation for this can be almost all women have a misunderstanding of about the separation care of COVID-19 and other services like immunization, cost of transportation doubling up and fear of health professionals as a source of COVID-19 was the possible reason to decline the immunization as evidenced by an in-depth interview.…”

Immunization Status and Challenges During COVID 19 and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 10-23 Months in South Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia 2020

“…The outcome of this study was greater than the study done in a different part of Ethiopia like in Wonago Gedo(47.6.%), Deber Markos (28.3%), northwest Ethiopia(41.6%), Gondar (24.3%), Woldiya (11.3%), Sekota (22.6%), systematic and meta-analysis of immunization from 2003 to 2019 in Ethiopia (41.8%) another systematic and meta-analysis were done in 2020 Ethiopia (53%), at a tertiary-care hospital (University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Baha-dur Hospital, New Delhi, India (48%) and at Indonesia (2008-2013): a multilevel analysis(38.13%) (12,14,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The possible explanation for this can be almost all women have a misunderstanding of about the separation care of COVID 19 and other services like immunization, cost of transportation doubling up and fear of health professionals as a source of COVID 19 was the possible reason to decline the immunization as evidenced by an in-depth interview.…”