Immune response and biochemistry of calves immunized with rMSP1a ( Anaplasma marginale) using carbon nanotubes as carrier molecules

Abstract

Vaccination against Anaplasma marginale has been considered an important control strategy for bovine anaplasmosis. Recently, mice immunized with rMSP1 a linked to carbon nanotubes (MWNT) showed significant immune responses, generating a new possibility for use of an inactivated vaccine. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular and humoral responses in calves immunized with MWNT+rMSP1a , associated with inactivated vaccine of A. marginale produced in vitro, and evaluate the toxic effects of the MWNT on renal and hepatic function. rMSP1a was covalently linked to MWNT. Inactivated vaccine (AmUFMG2) was produced by cultivating A. marginale in IDE8 cells. Twenty-four Holstein calves were divided (four groups) and immunized subcutaneously with PBS and non-carboxylated MWNT (control, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1a (G3), and AmUFMG2 with MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Blood samples were collected for total leukocyte counts, biochemical profiling and evaluation of the cellular and humoral response. Immunization with MWNT+rMSP1a induced increase in the total number of leukocytes, NK cells, in the lymphocyte populations and higher levels of antibodies compared to calves immunized only with AmUFMG2. Furthermore, MWNT did not induce changes in the biochemical profile. These data indicate that MWNT+rMSP1a were able to induce the immune responses more efficiently than AmUFMG2 alone, without generating toxicity.

Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications

“…Moreover, Silvestre et al used MWCNTs for the delivery of rMSP1a proteins to Holstein cattle and measured their immune response against Anaplasma marginale. Results demonstrated that vaccinated cows with MWCNT-rMSP1a presented an increase in Natural Killer (NK), CD4 + , and CD8 + cells. In addition to the elevated immune cells, an increase in IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 anti-rMSP1a were present after two rounds of vaccinations.…”

Bovine Anaplasmosis: Will there ever be an almighty effective vaccine?

“…Inoculation of AM854 (OmpA equivalent) and AM936 (Asp14 equivalent) incorporated with saponin induced both antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2 in steers. Vaccinated animals developed higher levels of rickettsemia and greater packed cell volume (PCV) losses than controls immunized with A. marginale membrane fragments or negative controls when challenged with 10 Anaplasma – Dermacentor andersoni -infected ticks ( 102 ). In this study, E. coli -expressed recombinant antigens caused more severe bacteremia and clinical syndrome after a challenge.…”

“…Native proteins embedded within the membrane are immunogenic enough to induce protective immunity, but their recombinant counterparts might not be enough ( 22 , 23 ). Furthermore, the fact that an antigen triggers the right immune response (IgG2) does not imply that the antigen is immunogenic enough to induce the same response alone or even that it is immunoprotective ( 40 , 102 ). For example, subdominant proteins such as TFSS proteins appear as suitable vaccine candidates based on their location and function, but they did not induce immunoprotective immunity when tested.…”

Avaliação Fisico-Química E Microbiológica De Sorvete De Manga a Base De Kefir Elaborado Com Diferentes Tipos De Edulcorantes

“…Um estudo associando um fragmento recombinante de uma proteína de superfície da bactéria a MWCNTs demonstrou que a imunização induziu forte resposta imune celular e humoral em camundongos (SILVESTRE et al, 2014). Em prosseguimento, a mesma formulação foi testada em bezerros, e o resultado de estimulação da resposta imune obtido foi o mesmo, sem haver alterações no perfil bioquímico dos animais, indicando que não houve toxicidade causada pelo nanotubo (SILVESTRE et al, 2018).…”