Immune effects of β-glucan are determined by combined effects on Dectin-1, TLR2, 4 and 5

Kanjan, Pochanart; Sahasrabudhe, Neha M.; Haan, Bart J. de; Vos, Paul de

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.061

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Non-digestible carbohydrates are often added to cow milk-based infant formula to substitute HMO functions. Commonly used NDCs are FOS and GOS; however, β-glucans might also have potential as possible addition to infant formula, as these molecules also stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes [ 18 , 19 ] and have immune modulating effects [ 15 , 16 ]. However, at present, only limited knowledge is available about the effects of fermentation of oat β-glucans on their immune-modulating properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though β-glucans are comprised of different building blocks than HMOs, e.g., β-linked glucose moieties rather than β-linked glucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine that form the backbone of HMOs, β-glucans have been shown to partially resemble the immune modulating functions of HMOs. These effects are exerted via binding to different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin Dectin-1, complement receptor 3 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For oat β-glucans, it has also been shown that microbiota-derived enzymes may enhance their immune activity upon digestion by increasing Dectin-1 stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endo-1,3(4)-β-Glucanase-Treatment of Oat β-Glucan Enhances Fermentability by Infant Fecal Microbiota, Stimulates Dectin-1 Activation and Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Immature Dendritic Cells

Akkerman

Logtenberg

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Background: Non-digestible carbohydrates are added to infant formula to mimic the effects of human milk oligosaccharide by acting as prebiotics and stimulating the immune system. Although not yet used in infant formulas, β-glucans are known to have beneficial health effects, and are therefore of potential interest for supplementation. Methods and results: We investigated the in vitro fermentation of native and endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase-treated oat β-glucan using pooled fecal inocula of 2- and 8-week-old infants. While native oat β-glucan was not utilized, both inocula specifically utilized oat β-glucan oligomers containing β(1→4)-linkages formed upon enzyme treatment. The fermentation rate was highest in the fecal microbiota of 2-week-old infants, and correlated with a high lactate production. Fermentation of media supplemented with native and enzyme-treated oat β-glucans increased the relative abundance of Enterococcus and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) in immature dendritic cells. This attenuating effect was more pronounced after enzyme treatment. This attenuation might result from the enhanced ability of fermented oat β-glucan to stimulate Dectin-1 receptors. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase treatment enhances the fermentability of oat β-glucan and attenuates pro-inflammatory responses. Hence, this study shows that especially enzyme-treated oat β-glucans have a high potential for supplementation of infant formula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo-1,3(4)-β-Glucanase-Treatment of Oat β-Glucan Enhances Fermentability by Infant Fecal Microbiota, Stimulates Dectin-1 Activation and Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Immature Dendritic Cells

Akkerman

Logtenberg

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…Similarly, low MW glucan resulted in higher levels of ZO-1 , MUC1 , and MUC2 than high MW glucan did. It was demonstrated that low MW β-glucan increased expression levels of the receptors (Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors) in jejunum and ileum of pigs [27]. High production of tight junction proteins is attributable to Dectin-1 and TLRs expression in the GI tract [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified β-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota

Luo

Chen

Mao

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryBeta-glucan is currently under consideration as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for the sustainable pig production industry in China. Modulating intestinal function by β-glucan treatment in young pigs is one potential way of decreasing disease susceptibility and presumably increasing growth performance. In the present study, as a newly developed commercial product, β-glucans have proved to modulate gut function, and have improved growth performance in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms involved inβ-glucan of low and high molecular weight mediated growth alterations in weaned piglets. The results confirmed that β-glucans isolated from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 could improve growth performance in weaned piglets and they showed intestinal modulatory properties via different mechanisms in regulating the mucosal barrier function and microbial populations between two different molecular weight β-glucans.AbstractThis study investigated β-glucan derived from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 with high (2000 kDa) and low (300 kDa) molecular weight (MW) to compare their effects on growth performance and gut function in LPS-induced weaned piglets. Changes in jejunal morphology, mucosal barrier function, microbial populations, and fermentation in the piglets were determined. Data showed that β-glucan prevented body weight loss in LPS challenged piglets. Supplementation with both β-glucan fractions improved jejunal morphology. Compared to low MW, β-glucan of high MW generally up-regulated transcripts of ZO-1, MUC1, and MUC2 in jejunal mucosa to a lesser extent. Mucosal D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and anti-oxidation index were effectively resumed in β-glucan treatment. Both β-glucan diets provoked the emergence of a balanced microbiota and a richer concentration of volatile fatty acids in the colon. The richest community of bifidobacterium and concentration of butyrate emerged after feeding β-glucan with high MW. Results suggested that the effect of Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 β-glucans on the gut-modulatory function is largely linked to their MW. Low MW β-glucan mainly improved the mucosal barrier function in the jejunum, while high MW β-glucan had profound effects on the microbial community and fermentation in the hindgut of piglets.

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“…Carbohydrates can be recognized by receptors present on the surface of APCs and, when associated with an antigen, can enhance uptake via endocytosis/phagocytosis. For example, mannose can be recognized by mannose receptor [ 21 ]; chitosan can bind to different receptors, including TLR2 and TLR4 [ 22 ]; β-glucan can be recognized by receptors consisting of dectin-1, TLR2, 4, and 5 [ 23 ]; lipid A, a lipidated disaccharide, can be taken up by TLR4 [ 24 ]; and saponin can bind to DC-SIGN receptors [ 25 ].…”

Section: Immunostimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines

et al. 2020

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Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.

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Immune effects of β-glucan are determined by combined effects on Dectin-1, TLR2, 4 and 5

Cited by 52 publications

References 38 publications

Endo-1,3(4)-β-Glucanase-Treatment of Oat β-Glucan Enhances Fermentability by Infant Fecal Microbiota, Stimulates Dectin-1 Activation and Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Immature Dendritic Cells

Endo-1,3(4)-β-Glucanase-Treatment of Oat β-Glucan Enhances Fermentability by Infant Fecal Microbiota, Stimulates Dectin-1 Activation and Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Immature Dendritic Cells

Purified β-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota

Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines

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