Immobilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium(II) Complex on Graphene Oxide as Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Reduction of Nitroarenes

Synthesis of nano magnetic supported NHC-palladium and investigation of its applications as a catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction in H2O

“…Synthesis of Compound 6 was carried out according to the method reported in the literature [ 16 ]. In a 25 ml round bottom flask, Pd(OAC) 2 (17.0 mg, 0.076 mmol) in 10 ml MeOH was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Then 0.5 g compound 5 and Na 2 CO 3 (0.5 M, 30 ml) were added to the flask, and the temperature was raised to 60 °C for 24 h. To end, the catalyst Fe 3 O 4 @Si–NHC–Pd was collected by an external magnetic field and washed with acetone, water and acetonitrile.…”

“…Also, NHCs have shown high dissociation energies for metal–NHC bonds which resulted in higher thermal stability than phosphine complexes and leads to lower rate of decomposition [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Also, NHC complexes were distinguished to be stable toward oxygen and moisture together with lower catalyst loading [ 15 , 16 ]. Hence, NHCs have recently been used as an interesting class of ligand and have attracted a lot of attention due to their remarkable electronic properties.…”

PdII on Guanidine-Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Reduction of Nitroarenes in Aqueous Media

“… 9 , 12 Due to which, heterogeneous catalysts with palladium supported as a substrate are majorly employed in the organic reactions, as they could be isolated from the reaction medium using conventional separation procedures such as filtration or centrifugation. 13 However, these separation methods are also not effective as they are time-consuming, and as the catalyst particle size is minimal, catalyst loss is inevitable, which strongly affects its recoverability and recyclability. To solve these difficulties with filtration/centrifugation techniques, the design and development of magnetic substrate-supported catalysts have gained importance as they ease the work-up procedure during separation and reduce the loss of catalysts to a remarkable extent.…”

Metal‐free catalytic activation and borylation of the ––H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole using adamantane‐derived aminoborane frustrated Lewis pairs: A density functional theory study

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, it has been reported that the use of transition metals concerns the removal of residual catalysts; that is, the presence of a trace amount of such metal in the products for human intake is controlled by international bodies. [9][10][11] Therefore, the development of simpler and nonmetallic catalytic processes has received considerable interest from organic chemists to overcome the drawbacks counting the potential toxicity and higher cost of the transition metal catalysts. [12] The natural earth-abundance, lower toxicity, and lower cost of most organoboranes are one reason for replacing transition metal-catalyzed reactions by frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry.…”

“…[12,32,33] The -C sp 2 -H activation followed by -C sp 2 -H borylation of aromatic species generates organoboronates, and these are ubiquitous reagents especially for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions as a building block for the formation of new bonds. [1,6,10,11,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Such coupling reactions are useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs, conducting polymers, molecular wires, liquid crystals, natural products, and in the supramolecular chemistry. [2,[59][60][61] Recently, the metal-free catalytic -C-H bond activation and dehydrogenative borylation of pyrrole, furan, and electron-rich thiophene using sterically hindered aminoborane (1-TMP-2-BH 2 -C 6 H 4 ) 2 as an FLP catalyst that bears bulky 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine as an LB have been reported.…”