Immature Stages of the Western Corn Rootworm123

<I>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</I> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior on Transgenic Maize (MON 863) and Its Isoline

“…larvae. Larval developmental time and head capsule width were within the growth and development parameters (George and Hintz 1966) observed in other test systems, including the Þeld.…”

“…The number of larvae recovered was recorded, and wet larval weight was measured using an analytical balance (Mettler-Toledo, Columbus, OH). Head capsule width was used to determine larval stadium (Ball 1957, George andHintz 1966). Larval head capsule width was measured using an ocular micrometer.…”

Wing Shape and Size of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is Related to Sex and Resistance to Soybean-Maize Crop Rotation

“…This is of particular importance, as genetic markers have failed to detect differences among D. v. virgifera populations across their U.S. distribution (Kim and Sappington 2005), expanded European distribution (Ciosi et al 2008, or between resistant and susceptible individuals (Miller et al 2006(Miller et al , 2007. Most morphometric work on Diabrotica species has used larval head capsule width to document aspects of their biology (Sweetman 1925(Sweetman , 1926Pitre and Kantack 1962;George and Hintz 1966;Branson and Ortman 1970;Clark and Hibbard 2004;Oyediran et al 2004), as a species diagnostic tool (Hammack et al 2003), and to document the effect of maize irrigation on this character (Agosti et al 2009). Li et al (2009Li et al ( , 2010 recognized a need to understand the relationship between D. v. virgifera morphometric traits and its dispersal and invasiveness.…”

A Technique to Morphologically Differentiate Larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

“…Instars were determined by head capsule width as described by George and Hintz (1966) and Hammack et al, (2003). Larvae used to develop the diagnostic technique were offspring of NCR adults collected in southwest Minnesota in 2004 and WCR adults from the diapause colony maintained by the USDA North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, S.D.…”