A Technique to Morphologically Differentiate Larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Becker, Sabine C.; Meinke, Lance J.

doi:10.2317/jkes-705-02.1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To assess plant performance, true-leaves 2 and 3 (from the bottom, exclusive of cotyledon) were excised from each seedling, and scanned to measure their surface area using ImageJ R software (Rasband, 2017). After this, the seedling was cut at the base of its stem, placed in a paper envelope (together with the corresponding excised leaves) and dried to constant weight (≥2 days at 65 • C) (Becker and Meinke, 2008). Seedling roots were rinsed under running water while gently rubbed to remove soil particles, and also dried to constant weight.…”

Section: Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Fontes-Puebla

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plants may defend against herbivory and disease through various means. Plant defensive strategies against herbivores include resistance and tolerance, which may have metabolic costs that affect plant growth and reproduction. Thus, expression of these strategies may be mediated by a variety of factors, such as resource availability, herbivory pressure, and plant genetic variation, among others. Additionally, artificial selection by farmers and systematic breeding by scientists may mediate the expression of resistance and tolerance in crop plants. In this study, we tested whether maize defense against Western corn rootworm (WCR) was mediated by the crop's domestication, spread, and modern breeding. We expected to find a trend of decreasing resistance to WCR with maize domestication, spread, and breeding, and a trend of increasing tolerance with decreasing resistance. To test our expectations, we compared resistance and tolerance among four Zea plants spanning those processes: Balsas teosinte, Mexican landrace maize, US landrace maize, and US inbred maize. We measured the performance of WCR larvae as a proxy for plant resistance, and plant growth as affected by WCR feeding as a proxy for plant tolerance. Our results showed that domestication and spread decreased maize resistance to WCR, as expected, whereas breeding increased maize resistance to WCR, contrary to expected. Our results also showed that maize resistance and tolerance to WCR are negatively correlated, as expected. We discussed our findings in relation to ecological-evolutionary hypotheses seeking to explain defense strategy evolution in the contexts of plant resistance-productivity trade-offs, plant tolerance-resistance trade-offs, and varying resource availability vis-à-vis plant physiological stress and herbivory pressure. Finally, we suggested that defense strategy evolution in maize, from domestication to the present, is predicted by those ecological-evolutionary hypotheses.

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Section: Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Fontes-Puebla

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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show abstract

“…To assess plant performance, true-leaves 2 and 3 (from the bottom, exclusive of cotyledon) were excised from each seedling, and scanned to measure their surface area using ImageJ® software (Rasband, 2017). After this, the seedling was cut at the base of its stem, placed in a paper envelope (together with the corresponding excised leaves) and dried to constant weight (≥ 2 days at 65 °C) (Becker and Meinke, 2008). Seedling roots were rinsed under running water while gently rubbed to remove soil particles, and also dried to constant weight.…”

Section: Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Fontes-Puebla

2019

Preprint

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Plants may defend against herbivory and disease through various means. Plant defensive strategies against herbivores include resistance and tolerance, which may have metabolic costs that affect plant growth and reproduction. Thus, expression of these strategies may be mediated by a variety of factors, such as resource availability, herbivory pressure, and plant genetic variation, among others. Additionally, artificial selection by farmers and systematic breeding by scientists may mediate the expression of resistance and tolerance in crop plants. In this study, we tested whether maize defense against Western corn rootworm (WCR) was mediated by the crop´s domestication, spread, and modern breeding. We expected to find a trend of decreasing resistance to WCR with maize domestication, spread, and breeding, and a trend of increasing tolerance with decreasing resistance. To test our expectations, we compared resistance and tolerance among four Zea plants spanning those processes: Balsas teosinte, Mexican landrace maize, US landrace maize, and US inbred maize. We measured performance of WCR larvae as a proxy for plant resistance, and plant growth as affected by WCR feeding as a proxy for plant tolerance. Our results showed that domestication and spread decreased maize resistance to WCR, as expected, whereas breeding increased maize resistance to WCR, contrary to expected. Our results also showed that maize resistance and tolerance to WCR are negatively correlated, as expected. We discussed our findings in relation to ecological-evolutionary hypotheses seeking to explain defense strategy evolution in the contexts of plant resistance-productivity trade-offs, plant tolerance-resistance trade-offs, and varying resource availability vis-à-vis plant physiological stress and herbivory pressure. Finally, we suggested that defense strategy evolution in maize, from domestication to the present, is predicted by those ecological-evolutionary hypotheses.

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“…The roots and accompanying soil cores were stored individually in small burlap sacks for less than 24 hours before flotation. Larvae were identified as D. v. virgifera using morphological characteristics and a dichotomous key (Mendoza and Peters 1964, Krysan 1986, Stehr, 1991, Becker and Meinke 2008 and the total number of recovered larvae was recorded for each sampled plant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

tritrophic interactions among larval western corn rootworm, Bt corn and entomopathogens

Rudeen

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Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments Literature Cited CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Hiltpold, I., Toepfer, S., Kuhlmann, U. and T.C.J. Turlings. 2010. How maize root volatiles affect the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling the western corn rootworm? Chemoecology 20 (2): 155-162. Hu, G. and J. St. Leger. 2002. Field studies using a recombinant mycoinsecticide (Metarhizium anisopliae) reveal that it is rhizosphere competent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68: 6383-6387.

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A Technique to Morphologically Differentiate Larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Resistance and Tolerance to Root Herbivory in Maize were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

tritrophic interactions among larval western corn rootworm, Bt corn and entomopathogens

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