Imiquimod for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinomas

Mahatma, Gina; Sweeney, Adam R.; Yen, Michael T.

doi:10.1097/iio.0000000000000299

International Ophthalmology Clinics

2020

DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000299

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Imiquimod for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinomas

Gina Mahatma¹,

Adam R. Sweeney²,

Michael T. Yen³

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Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Khosravi,

Mostafavi,

Bastan

et al. 2024

Cancer Communications

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Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1(PD‐1/PD‐L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune‐resistant tumors.

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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Khosravi,

Mostafavi,

Bastan

et al. 2024

Cancer Communications

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In vitro study on immune response modifiers as novel medical treatment options for cholesteatoma

Uzun

Çaklı

Coşan

et al. 2021

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Imiquimod for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinomas

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

In vitro study on immune response modifiers as novel medical treatment options for cholesteatoma

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