Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot
Gholam‐Reza Khosravi,
Samaneh Mostafavi,
Sanaz Bastan
et al.
Abstract:Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting c… Show more
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