Imaging the atomic orbitals of carbon atomic chains with field-emission electron microscopy

Mikhaĭlovskij, I. M.; Sadanov, E. V.; Mazilova, T. I.; Ksenofontov, V. A.; Velicodnaja, O. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.165404

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To clarify this point, let us move from the analysis of the energy operator H to the position operator r and let us consider an image like the one in Figure 1 (see [3]).…”

Section: Elements Of Physical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The EPR paper: a pedagogical approach

Garcia-Chung

2021

Preprint

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On the seminal paper written by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen [1], a critique to the completeness of quantum mechanics was posed. Part of the critique consisted in the following argument: if quantum mechanics is complete, then, two physical quantities, with non-commuting operators, can have simultaneous reality. In this paper I aim to provide a pedagogical approach to the notions used in the EPR's argument. I. INTRODUCTION [...] the best possible knowledge of a whole does not necessarily include the best possible knowledge of all its parts; even though they may be entirely separated and therefore virtually capable of being "best possibly known"[...] E. Schrödinger [2].In 1935, A. Einstein, B. Podoslky and N. Rosen published a paper [1], with a critique to the theory of quantum mechanics. Since then, this paper became a cornerstone when understanding the principles of quantum mechanics is about. In [1], attention was paid to the question of whether quantum mechanics can be a complete theory of physical reality or not. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR), clearly emphasized this with the title of the paper:"Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?." They claimed that every physical theory, must be complete, and then, according to their analysis, they showed that quantum mechanics is not complete. To show this, they used four criteria, which I describe here as completeness, elements of physical reality, locality and the uncertainty principle.

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“…To clarify this point, let us move from the analysis of the energy operator H to the position operator r and let us consider an image like the one in Figure 1 (see [3]).…”

Section: Elements Of Physical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The EPR paper: a pedagogical approach

Garcia-Chung

2021

Preprint

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“…Outros trabalhos reivindicando a observação de orbitais foram publicados posteriormente na literatura científica especializada, exibindo títulos como: Vendo orbitais moleculares (Pascual et al, 2000); Imagem tomográfica de orbitais moleculares (Itatani et al, 2004); e Imagens de orbitais atômicos de cadeias carbônicas atômicas com microscopia eletrônica de alta emissão (Mikhailovskij et. al., 2009).…”

Section: Buracos De Orbitais D E Ligação Cu-cu No Cu 2 O Concluiu Queunclassified

Imagens De Orbitais Em Livros Didáticos De Química Geral No Século Xx: Uma Análise Semiótica

Rozentalski

Porto

2016

IENCI

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Este trabalho visa investigar como as imagens relativas ao conceito de orbital foram apresentadas por livros de Química Geral voltados para o Ensino Superior ao longo do século XX, especialmente no que diz respeito a aspectos ontológicos e epistemológicos transmitidos por elas. As imagens presentes em 26 livros utilizados no Brasil foram analisadas de acordo com a semiótica peirceana, a fim de avaliar: qual a natureza do orbital; qual a relação entre representação e objeto representado; quais aspectos do objeto são destacados por meio da representação; quais as restrições e potencialidades da representação. Observa-se que essas imagens são entendidas pelos livros, majoritariamente, como representações da densidade de probabilidade máxima e identificadas, principalmente, por superfícies limites, as quais apresentam os orbitais como possuindo tamanhos, formas e natureza direcional bem definidas. Não há, na maioria dos livros, suficientes esclarecimentos sobre o significado de tais imagens, especialmente em relação: ao objeto do qual a representação toma lugar; como as imagens foram produzidas; quais aspectos a representação destaca do objeto; e quais as semelhanças e diferenças entre as diversas imagens relacionadas aos orbitais. As dificuldades para o ensino, decorrentes dos resultados aqui apresentados, podem ser superadas por meio da discussão explícita sobre o manejo e a compreensão das representações, fomentada, por exemplo, pela semiótica peirceana.

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“…Both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of flat molecules, such as pentacene, were scanned using scanning tunneling microscopy (Chaika, 2014; Patera et al, 2019; Repp et al, 2005). Field-emission electron microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can directly capture or indirectly reconstruct orbital images or transformation of orbital configurations (Mikhailovskij et al, 2009; Puschnig et al, 2009). More recently, a photoionization experiment showed the nodal structures of the atomic orbital of excited hydrogen atoms (Stodolna et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Structural Changes Decomposed from Serial Crystallographic Data

Ren

2019

Preprint

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Direct imaging of ultrafast and subtle structural events during a biochemical 13 reaction, such as a single electronic transition from one atomic or molecular 14 orbital to another, is highly desirable but has been beyond the reach of protein 15 crystallography. It entails the capability of observing changes in electronic 16 distributions at both an ultrafast time scale and an ultrahigh spatial resolution 17 (Itatani et al., Nature 432, 867, 2004). The recent developments in femtosecond 18 serial crystallography at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have brought the 19 achievable temporal resolution within a striking distance. This paper presents 20 the electron density map decomposed from the XFEL data that shows the 21 formation of several 3d atomic orbitals of the heme iron tens of femtoseconds 22 after the laser-triggered photolysis. A key strategy that has enabled the findings 23 here is a numerical deconvolution to resolve concurrent variations in a series of 24 time-resolved electron density maps so that the image depicting an electron 25 transfer event can be isolated as a partial change from the overwhelming 26 presence of the bulk electrons that are not directly involved in bonding. The 27 subtle changes in electron distribution due to a spin crossover can be decoupled 28 from far greater changes due to atomic displacements. Direct observations of 29 electronic orbitals could offer unprecedented mechanistic insights into a myriad 30 of chemical and biochemical reactions such as electron transfer in redox 31 reactions, and formation, rupture, and isomerization of chemical bonds. 32 33

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Imaging the atomic orbitals of carbon atomic chains with field-emission electron microscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

The EPR paper: a pedagogical approach

The EPR paper: a pedagogical approach

Imagens De Orbitais Em Livros Didáticos De Química Geral No Século Xx: Uma Análise Semiótica

Ultrafast Structural Changes Decomposed from Serial Crystallographic Data

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