Imaging of plant cell walls by confocal Raman microscopy

Gierlinger, Notburga; Keplinger, Tobias; Harrington, Michael

doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.092

Cited by 279 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Confocal Raman microscopy is a powerful technique for the detailed analysis of plant cell walls in general. [25][26][27] With this technique, the chemical signatures of the different cell wall constituents of wood as well as the polystyrene can be singled out within the complex spectra obtained. Typical spectra of reference, tosylated, and modied cell walls, as well as pure polystyrene are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls

et al. 2014

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As an engineering material derived from renewable resources, wood possesses excellent mechanical properties in view of its light weight but also has some disadvantages such as low dimensional stability upon moisture changes and low durability against biological attack. Polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in the cell wall is one of the potential approaches to improve the dimensional stability of wood. A major challenge is to insert hydrophobic monomers into the hydrophilic environment of the cell walls, without increasing the bulk density of the material due to lumen filling. Here, we report on an innovative and simple method to insert styrene monomers into tosylated cell walls (i.e. -OH groups from natural wood polymers are reacted with tosyl chloride) and carry out free radical polymerization under relatively mild conditions, generating low wood weight gains. In-depth SEM and confocal Raman microscopy analysis are applied to reveal the distribution of the polystyrene in the cell walls and the lumen. The embedding of polystyrene in wood results in reduced water uptake by the wood cell walls, a significant increase in dimensional stability, as well as slightly improved mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls

et al. 2014

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“…Otherwise a reference band for normalisation or the use of band ratios becomes necessary. Depending on the biological material to be probed microcutting or polishing might be the method of choice to achieve such a flat surface, with or without embedding [118,119].…”

Section: Raman Approaches For Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Imaging of Lignocellulosic Feedstock

Gierlinger¹,

Keplinger²,

Schwanninger³

2013

Cellulose - Biomass Conversion

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“…Regarding that plant cells are on average some of the largest eukaryotic cells, in general both techniques have sufficient spatial resolution for the analysis of plant cells and tissues. FTIR and Raman have been applied extensively on various plant structures, such as cell walls, seeds, and leaves, for research on plant physiology, developmental biology, genetics and ecology (Gorzsas et al 2011;Barron et al 2005;Dokken et al 2005;Chen et al 2013;Yu 2011;Gierlinger and Schwanninger 2006;Chylińska et al 2014;Agarwal 2006;Fackler and Thygesen 2013;Gierlinger et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational microspectroscopy enables chemical characterization of single pollen grains as well as comparative analysis of plant species based on pollen ultrastructure

Zimmermann

Bağcıoğlu

Sandt

et al. 2015

Planta

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Main conclusion: Chemical imaging of pollen by vibrational microspectroscopy enables characterization of pollen ultrastructure, in particular phenylpropanoid components in grain wall for comparative study of extant and extinct plant species.Keywords: FTIR microspectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, Pinales, imaging, cell wall. 2 SUMMARYA detailed characterization of conifer (Pinales) pollen by vibrational microspectroscopy is presented. The main problems that arise during vibrational measurements were scatter and saturation issues in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and fluorescence and penetration depth issues in Raman. Single pollen grains larger than approx. 15 µm can be measured by FTIR microspectroscopy using conventional light sources, while smaller grains may be measured by employing synchrotron light sources. Pollen grains that were larger than 50 µm were too thick for FTIR imaging since the grain constituents absorbed almost all infrared light. Chemical images of pollen were obtained on sectioned samples, unveiling the distribution and concentration of proteins, carbohydrates, sporopollenins and lipids within pollen substructures. The comparative analysis of pollen species revealed that, compared with other Pinales pollens, Cedrus atlantica has a higher relative amount of lipid nutrients, as well as different chemical composition of grain wall sporopollenin. The pre-processing and data analysis, namely extended multiplicative signal correction and principal component analysis, offer simple estimate of imaging spectral data and indirect estimation of physical properties of pollen. The vibrational microspectroscopy study demonstrates that detailed chemical characterization of pollen can be obtained by measurement of an individual grain and pollen ultrastructure. Measurement of phenylpropanoid components in pollen grain wall could be used, not only for the reconstruction of past environments, but for assessment of diversity of plant species as well. Therefore, analysis of extant and extinct pollen species by vibrational spectroscopies is suggested as a valuable tool in biology, ecology and palaeosciences.3

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Imaging of plant cell walls by confocal Raman microscopy

Cited by 279 publications

References 65 publications

Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls

Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls

Raman Imaging of Lignocellulosic Feedstock

Vibrational microspectroscopy enables chemical characterization of single pollen grains as well as comparative analysis of plant species based on pollen ultrastructure

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