Raman Imaging of Lignocellulosic Feedstock

Gierlinger, Notburga; Keplinger, Michael Harrington Tobias; Schwanninger, Manfred

doi:10.5772/50878

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…A Raman microscopy investigation of the tomato cell wall suggested that the 380 cm −1 peak belongs to δ(CCC) ring vibration from the cellulose [41]. Polarization Raman spectroscopy of the orientation of the chemical groups of cellulose indicated that the 320 cm −1 peak is associated with δ(CCC) ring vibration motions that are parallel to the cellulose chain axis [32], and that the 355 and 380 cm −1 peaks contain vibration motions both parallel and perpendicular to the cellulose chain axis [36, 37]. In the present study, after about 55% of cell wall xylan was hydrolyzed by enzymes, the 320, 355, and 380 cm −1 peaks showed very small changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 424 cm −1 peak was previously reported as δ(CCC) and δ(CCO) ring deformation in cellulose [38]. The 492 cm −1 peak is from cellulose glycosidic ν(COC) vibration [32, 42]. The 563 cm −1 peak was previously assigned to the cellulose δ(COC) ring vibration [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the oat spelts xylan, birchwood xylan, and deacetylated corn stover samples, this peak could be slightly overlapped with the lignin peak at 920–930 cm −1 (lignin skeletal deformation of aromatic rings, substituent groups, side chains, and CCH wag) [53]. The cellulose COC symmetric stretch also contributes to the 900 cm −1 [32]. After xylan removal, the 920 cm −1 peak is significantly reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that xylan and glucomannan have a very small contribution to these peaks [39]. In the past, the 1095 and 1123 cm −1 peaks have been widely used to image cellulose content in the cell wall [25, 26, 30–32, 54]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In d -xylose, the 1313 cm −1 peak is associated with anomeric methine deformation coupled with OH in-plane bend, and the 1340 cm −1 peak is associated with methine deformation coupled with methylene wag [45]. Besides xylan however, cellulose also contributes significantly to 1318-1335 cm −1 by ω(CH 2 ), δ(HCC), δ(HCO), and δ(COH) vibrations [32, 38]. It has been reported that lignin also contributes in the region 1297–1334 cm −1 , possibly due to its aliphatic O–H bend vibration [39, 48] or vibration modes from S lignin [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ label-free imaging of hemicellulose in plant cell walls using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy

Zeng

Yarbrough

Mittal

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundPlant hemicellulose (largely xylan) is an excellent feedstock for renewable energy production and second only to cellulose in abundance. Beyond a source of fermentable sugars, xylan constitutes a critical polymer in the plant cell wall, where its precise role in wall assembly, maturation, and deconstruction remains primarily hypothetical. Effective detection of xylan, particularly by in situ imaging of xylan in the presence of other biopolymers, would provide critical information for tackling the challenges of understanding the assembly and enhancing the liberation of xylan from plant materials.ResultsRaman-based imaging techniques, especially the highly sensitive stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, have proven to be valuable tools for label-free imaging. However, due to the complex nature of plant materials, especially those same chemical groups shared between xylan and cellulose, the utility of specific Raman vibrational modes that are unique to xylan have been debated. Here, we report a novel approach based on combining spectroscopic analysis and chemical/enzymatic xylan removal from corn stover cell walls, to make progress in meeting this analytical challenge. We have identified several Raman peaks associated with xylan content in cell walls for label-free in situ imaging xylan in plant cell wall.ConclusionWe demonstrated that xylan can be resolved from cellulose and lignin in situ using enzymatic digestion and label-free SRS microscopy in both 2D and 3D. We believe that this novel approach can be used to map xylan in plant cell walls and that this ability will enhance our understanding of the role played by xylan in cell wall biosynthesis and deconstruction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0669-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In situ label-free imaging of hemicellulose in plant cell walls using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy

Zeng

Yarbrough

Mittal

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Localization of Cereal Grain Components by Vibrational Microscopy and Chemometric Analysis

Jääskeläinen

Rojas

Bertinetto

2016

Food Engineering Series

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Raman imaging in geomicrobiology: endolithic phototrophic microorganisms in gypsum from the extreme sun irradiation area in the Atacama Desert

et al. 2016

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The Raman imaging method was successfully applied for mapping the distribution of biomolecules (e.g., pigments) associated with cryptoendolithic and hypoendolithic microorganisms, as well as the inorganic host mineral matrix that forms the habitat for the biota. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study in the field of geomicrobiology based on this technique. The studied microbial ecosystem was located nearly 3000 m above sea level within the driest desert on Earth, the Atacama in Chile. Enhancement of carotenoid Raman signal intensity close to the surface was registered at different areas of endolithic colonization dominated by algae, with cyanobacteria present as well. This is interpreted as an adaptation mechanism to the excessive solar irradiation. On the other hand, cyanobacteria synthesize scytonemin as a passive UV-screening pigment (found at both the hypoendolithic and cryptoendolithic positions). The distribution of the scytonemin Raman signal was mapped simultaneously with the surrounding mineral matrix. Thus, mapping was done of the phototrophic microorganisms in their original microhabitat together with the host rock environment. Important information which was resolved from the Raman imaging dataset of the host rock is about the hydration state of Ca-sulfate, demonstrated on the presence of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and the absence of both anhydrite (CaSO4) and bassanite (CaSO4·1/2H2O). Obtaining combined "in situ" simultaneous information from the geological matrix (inorganic) together with the microbial biomolecules (organic) is discussed and concluded as an important advantage of this technique. We discuss how selection of the laser wavelength (785 and 514.5-nm) influences the Raman imaging results.

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Raman Imaging of Lignocellulosic Feedstock

Cited by 36 publications

References 197 publications

In situ label-free imaging of hemicellulose in plant cell walls using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy

In situ label-free imaging of hemicellulose in plant cell walls using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy

Localization of Cereal Grain Components by Vibrational Microscopy and Chemometric Analysis

Raman imaging in geomicrobiology: endolithic phototrophic microorganisms in gypsum from the extreme sun irradiation area in the Atacama Desert

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