Imaging of placental vasculature using three‐dimensional ultrasound and color power Doppler: a preliminary study

Pretorius, Dolores H.; Nelson, Thomas R.; Baergen, Rebecca N.; Pai, E.F.; Cantrell, Cathy Jo

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1998.12010045.x

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…With improved 3-dimensional (3D) sonographic technology, it is now possible to evaluate the placental volume as well as vascularization status using power Doppler sonography. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The Doppler parameters derived from 3D interrogation are different from those using conventional sonography and include the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization-flow index (VFI). [2][3][4] These indices have been reliably measured in the placenta and other gynecologic organs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Placental Volume and Vasculature Indices Obtained by 3-Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography

Huster

Haas

Schoenborn

et al. 2010

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of 3‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler assessment of placental volumes and vascularization before adopting these in routine evaluation of normal and complicated pregnancies. Methods. A prospective study was performed on 30 normal singleton pregnancies from 11 to 14 weeks. To evaluate placental vascularization, 3D power Doppler sonography was applied to obtain a placental volume, and the volume acquired was analyzed using virtual organ computer‐aided analysis. Two consecutive measurements were taken from each patient by two observers blinded to each other's and the individual's previous measurement. This yielded a total of 60 data set pairs. The placental volume, vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization‐flow index (VFI) were calculated. Normal distribution of the data was confirmed with the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Intraobserver and interobserver correlations were evaluated. Bland‐Altman plots and statistics were used to compare the 95% limits of agreement between measurements. Results. All 3D power Doppler placental volumes and vascular indices showed intraobserver correlations of 0.80 or higher. Similar excellent interobserver correlations were seen for all indices with the exception of the VFI, which showed a lower but acceptable correlation. The Bland‐Altman analyses indicated good reproducibility of the evaluated placental indices. Conclusions. Our findings provide validation of the technique, showing good reproducibility of the 3D power Doppler parameters when applied to studies of the placental volume and vascular tree.

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confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Placental Volume and Vasculature Indices Obtained by 3-Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography

Huster

Haas

Schoenborn

et al. 2010

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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“…Another study of placental volume showed that second-trimester measurements alone were not sufficient to predict small-for-gestational-age infants [75]. 3D power doppler ultrasound has been used to examine the placental vasculature [147].…”

Section: Why Volume Measurement and Surface Visualisation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Measurement in Sequential Freehand 3-D Ultrasound

Treece

Prager

Gee

et al. 1999

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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SummaryThree-dimensional (3D) acquisition and visualisation techniques are increasingly being incorporated into commercial ultrasound scanners. The diagnostic benefit of such techniques is not yet convincing, compared to the added inconvenience of using them. Although it is straightforward to use special probes to acquire 3D data, these are more restrictive than conventional 2D probes. The only 3D technique which retains the scanning flexibility and wide area of application of 2D ultrasound, is freehand 3D ultrasound, where a 2D probe is moved manually and its location sensed remotely. However, it is hard to generate a regular volume of data from the resulting non-parallel ultrasound images.Probably the largest body of evidence justifying the use of 3D ultrasound relates to the accurate measurement of volume. However, volume measurement with 3D ultrasound requires segmentation (i.e. outlining of the area of interest), which is a time consuming, manual task. Both this problem, and that of creating a regular volume of data, are eased by the use of sequential freehand 3D ultrasound, a recent technique amplified in this thesis, where all the processing is performed on the original ultrasound images. Thus a regular array of data is not required, and segmentation is performed on images whose features and artifacts are recognisable to the clinician.In this thesis, novel volume measurement and surface visualisation algorithms are developed for sequential freehand 3D ultrasound. A particular emphasis is placed on limiting the number of segmented cross-sections required for a given measurement accuracy. Inherent accuracy is demonstrated by simulation to be within ±2%, from 10 or fewer cross-sections. In vivo precision, including registration and segmentation errors, is shown to be within ±7%, even on complicated objects such as the liver or a foetus, from similar numbers of cross-sections. The volume can be updated in real-time as each image is segmented, and surfaces can be interpolated and visualised within a few seconds. Such visualisation can reveal errors in the segmentation which are otherwise hard to see.In addition, a framework for multiple-sweep data is developed, which allows volume measurement and surface visualisation of anatomy that can only be scanned by several sweeps of the ultrasound probe. Accurate volume measurements can therefore be made of all areas observable by conventional ultrasound. These measurements can be accomplished within approximately 5 minutes of examining the patient.The surface visualisation algorithms can also produce high quality renderings of data from a wide range of sources in medical imaging and other fields. The interpolation of cross-sections is an improvement on shape-based interpolation, and the triangular mesh created from the data is of a much higher quality than that using marching cubes. An extension of the surface interpolation algorithm can also be used to gradually change, or 'morph' one 3D surface to another, a technique commonly used in the film industry.

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“…Abbreviations IVC, inferior vena cava; 3D, three-dimensional; 2D, twodimensional ince the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) sonography in clinical settings, it has been extensively applied in the fields of gynecology, obstetrics, and cardiology, and considerable progress has been made. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, only limited studies have been conducted to investigate the liver by 3D sonography. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In most of them, multiplanar rendering and the 3D color Doppler mode were used to acquire 3D images of the liver, [11][12][13][14][15] and volume measurement of the liver or hepatic lesions was achieved by 3D sonography in other studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Gray Scale Volume Rendering of the Liver

Lü

Zhou

et al. 2002

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objective. To investigate the potential clinical usefulness of three-dimensional gray scale volume rendering in the liver. Methods. Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study and categorized into 2 groups: group I with ascites and group II without. Two types of volume-rendering modes, i.e., surface and transparent, were used to obtain the three-dimensional images. The data were reviewed to identify the differences between two-and three-dimensional images of the liver in each subject. Results. In group I, three-dimensional sonography was superior to two-dimensional sonography in terms of surface features, edges, overall three-dimensional impression, image clarity, and structural relationships. However, it seemed that three-dimensional sonography in the surface mode was inferior to twodimensional sonography in showing intrahepatic structures, because it had decreased resolution. In group II, three-dimensional sonography was superior to two-dimensional sonography with respect to the continuity of intrahepatic vessels, overall three-dimensional impression of the vessels, image clarity, and the relationship between lesions and neighboring vessels. However, the resolution of the lesions was decreased in 7 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions. Our experience suggests that three-dimensional gray scale volume rendering of the liver provides more diagnostic information than two-dimensional sonography; however, further studies are needed to evaluate its clinical importance. Key words: gray scale; liver; three-dimensional sonography; volume rendering. Abbreviations IVC, inferior vena cava; 3D, three-dimensional; 2D, twodimensional ince the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) sonography in clinical settings, it has been extensively applied in the fields of gynecology, obstetrics, and cardiology, and considerable progress has been made. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, only limited studies have been conducted to investigate the liver by 3D sonography. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In most of them, multiplanar rendering and the 3D color Doppler mode were used to acquire 3D images of the liver, [11][12][13][14][15] and volume measurement of the liver or hepatic lesions was achieved by 3D sonography in other studies. 16,17 The multiplanar mode can show 3 orthogonal sectional images of the liver, and the region of interest can be observed from various directions by translation and rotation, whereas the whole spatial impression of the region of interest cannot be acquired directly. 11,12 Conversely, 3D color Doppler sonography can offer the whole spatial impression of intrahepatic vasculature, but it is unsatisfactory for delineating the hepatic parenchyma. [13][14][15]

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Imaging of placental vasculature using three‐dimensional ultrasound and color power Doppler: a preliminary study

Abstract: Our study showed that sonographic volume imaging combined with color power Doppler imaging methods allowed for individual vessels in the placenta to be identified, both in the fetal and maternal circulations.

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

Reproducibility of Placental Volume and Vasculature Indices Obtained by 3-Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography

Reproducibility of Placental Volume and Vasculature Indices Obtained by 3-Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography

Volume Measurement in Sequential Freehand 3-D Ultrasound

Three-dimensional Gray Scale Volume Rendering of the Liver

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