Imaging of musculoskeletal lymphoma

Abstract

Lymphoma of the musculoskeletal system involving the bone, muscle or skin is commonly due to secondary involvement from disseminated disease but can occasionally present as primary extranodal disease. Although radiological features are traditionally known to be non-specific, recognition of certain characteristics using summation of imaging modalities as well as knowledge of clinical features can help in making the diagnosis. Imaging also plays an integral role in treatment response assessments, especially via positron emission tomography/computed tomography functional imaging.

ABC‐type diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as rotator cuff tendinopathy: A diagnostic dilemma and review of the literature

“…The radiographic appearance can be normal, sclerotic, lytic, or mixed sclerotic‐lytic. In some individuals, DLBCL appears as an extra‐osseous soft tissue mass and cortical breach with consequent pathologic fracture . A periosteal reaction may be present and can be identified by a hallmark lamellated “onion skin” appearance; this feature portends a poor prognosis .…”

“…In some individuals, DLBCL appears as an extra-osseous soft tissue mass and cortical breach with consequent pathologic fracture. 7 A periosteal reaction may be present and can be identified by a hallmark lamellated "onion skin" appearance; this feature portends a poor prognosis. 8 Diffuse sclerosis of a vertebral body, also known as "ivory vertebra," is a radiologic sign associated with osseous lymphoma.…”

Primary skeletal muscle lymphoma: A case report

“…Lee et al recommended that, in patients with a soft tissue mass, routine plain radiography and MRI should be performed prior to biopsy (3). Lim et al suggested that MRI is the most useful modality for assessment of muscular lymphoma (13). This condition most commonly affects skeletal muscles of the lower extremities, pelvis and gluteal regions.…”

Differential Diagnosis of Osteogenic Tumors in the Context of Osteosarcoma

“…Flow cytometric studies should be considered in patients suspected of having lymphoma. Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) is positive in lymphomas while negative in OS [24,36]. Usually it should be differentiated from infections, small cell OS, Ewing's sarcoma, eosinophilic granuloma, and metastatic lesions [36,37].…”