Imaging magnetic vortex configurations in ferromagnetic nanotubes

Wyss, M.; Mehlin, A.; Gross, B.; Buchter, A.; Farhan, Alan; Buzzi, M.; Kleibert, Armin; Tütüncüoǧlu, Gözde; Heimbach, Florian; Morral, Anna Fontcuberta i; Grundler, D.; Poggio, Martino

doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.024423

Cited by 27 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…4(c), we plot simulations of both f (H ) and the magnetic energy E m (H ) associated with these two reversal progressions. Although vortex end domains with equal circulation represent the lower energy remanent configuration in short thin FNTs [9,34], both configurations have the same energy at high field within the accuracy of our simulation. Given the energy cost of switching between matching and opposing configurations, FNTs should-in principle-reverse via both reversal progressions.…”

Section: Comparison To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Given the energy cost of switching between matching and opposing configurations, FNTs should-in principle-reverse via both reversal progressions. In fact, experiments on similar FNTs find both configurations in remanence after the application of an axial field [9]. Control over the relative circulation may be achieved by the introduction of structural asymmetries to the FNT ends [35,36].…”

Section: Comparison To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FNTs have a diameter, which we define as the diameter of the circle circumscribing their hexagonal cross section, between 270 and 300 nm. Lengths from 0.6 to 2.9 μm are obtained by cutting individual FNTs into segments using a focused ion beam (FIB) [9]. This procedure ensures FNTs with smooth and well-defined ends, which-in general-are tilted relative to the plane normal to the FNT axis.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements on ensembles of FNTs have revealed behavior consistent with vortex reversal modes, though results were complicated by inhomogeneities in the arrays and interactions between FNTs [17,18]. Recent experiments on individual FNTs have focused on the form of the stable magnetization configurations, rather than on the reversal mechanisms [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these configurations minimize stray field, edges and surfaces play a lesser role in determining both their equilibrium state and their dynamics than for nonflux-closure configurations. Ferromagnetic nanotubes (FNTs) are one type of nanostructure supporting such states, e.g., in the form of a global vortex state, in which all magnetization curls around the hollow core [8][9][10][11][12]. Reversal of uniform axial * martino.poggio@unibas.ch configurations in FNTs has been predicted to occur through the nucleation and propagation of vortex configurations, which appear at the FNT ends [8,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of end-vortex nucleation in individual ferromagnetic nanotubes

et al. 2018

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The reversal of uniform axial magnetization in a ferromagnetic nanotube (FNT) has been predicted to occur through the nucleation and propagation of vortex domains forming at the ends. We provide experimental evidence for this behavior through dynamic cantilever magnetometry measurements of individual FNTs. In particular, we identify the nucleation of the vortex end domains as a function of applied magnetic field and show that they mark the onset of magnetization reversal. We find that the nucleation field depends sensitively on the angle between the end surface of the FNT and the applied field. Micromagnetic simulations substantiate the experimental results and highlight the importance of the ends in determining the reversal process. The control over end-vortex nucleation enabled by our findings is promising for the production of FNTs with tailored reversal properties.

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Section: Comparison To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Comparison To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of end-vortex nucleation in individual ferromagnetic nanotubes

et al. 2018

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New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures

et al. 2021

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condensed matter physics, including cell membranes, [1] nematic crystals, [2,3] superfluids, [4] semiconductors, [5][6][7][8] ferromagnets, [9] and superconductors. [10,11] Currently, much attention is paid to strongly correlated electronic systems, for example, ferromagnets and superconductors, as they provide a unique tool to manipulate the topology of coexisting vector and scalar fields, associated with geometries of conventional systems.Until recently, in the case of magnetism, the influence of the geometry on the spin vector fields was addressed primarily by the design of the sample boundaries. This approach naturally brings the shape anisotropy to the system and leads to the formation of specific spin textures, for example, magnetic vortices [12] and antivortices [13] as well as provides control over the dynamics of the topologically nontrivial magnetic solitons. [14][15][16][17][18] This discussion also tackles the state of the art in modern experimental antiferromagnetism, where the design of the sample topography and boundaries allows to control the domain wall states. [19][20][21][22] With the development of novel fabrication techniques allowing to realize complex 3D architectures, not only the boundary effects but also the extrinsic geometrical properties (e.g., local curvatures) can be addressed rigorously for the case of ferromagnets [23][24][25][26][27] as well as superconductors. [28][29][30] The explored effects are directly related to the interplay between the Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro-and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry-...

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