Image Formation Process

Destination images, holistic images and personal normative beliefs: Predictors of intention to revisit a destination

“…DI is a set of impressions, ideas, expectations and emotional thoughts an individual has of a specific place. Gartner (1989;1994); Echtner & Ritchie (1993);Dann, (1996); Pike & Ryan, (2004); Tasci, Gartner, & Cavusgil (2007); ; Konecnik & Gartner, (2007); Stepchenkova & Mills, (2010) DI is a multi-attribute concept; DI consists of cognitive, affective and conative components. DI is a complex combination of various products and associated attributes.…”

“…Tourism research has almost completely neglected the conative aspects of destination image when predicting consumer attitude and behavioral intentions (Gallarza, Saura, & Garcıá, 2002;Tasci, 2009;White, 2014), despite the fact that many researchers agree that destination image is crucial to tourists' perceived images (Chen, Ji, & Funk, 2014;Dann, 1996;Gartner, 1993;King, Chen, & Funk, 2015;Li, Pan, Zhang, & Smith, 2009;Nadeau, Heslop, O'Reilly, & Luk, 2008;Pike & Ryan, 2004;Stepchenkova & Morrison, 2008). In addition, the relationship between cognitive, affective, and conative images also remains vague as Gartner (1993Gartner ( , 1994 has proposed a hierarchical relationship (cognitive-affectiveconative) but several other researchers have proposed that conative image is predicted by both cognitive and affective images (Agapito, Valle, & Mendes, 2013;Roth & Diamantopoulos, 2009). …”

Film tourism – Evolution, progress and prospects

“…Related to marketing perspectives on film tourism is a strand of literature focusing on the idea of image formation and propensity to visit through viewing places on-screen ( Gartner's (1993) continuum of the image formation process, film and television can be categorised as an autonomous agent, where popular culture has the ability to influence destination image. As these images are not considered to be biased formal marketing, viewers are more likely to respond emotionally and individually to the imagery and information perceived, and it is these sorts of responses that are able to increase interest and potentially influence a decision to visit.…”

“…As a form of tourism induced by a secondary, autonomous (Gartner 1993) and cultural source, film tourism shares some common linkages with literary tourism. A long tradition of geographical analysis of literary associations and place exists within the geographical literature which can be dated to at least the 1960s.…”

The Main Factors Influencing the Destination Choice, Satisfaction and the Loyalty of Ski Resorts Customers in the Context of Different Research Approaches

“…Baloglu and McCleary (1999) identifi ed two key forces which infl uence image formation; the forces were stimulus factors and personal factors. Gartner (1993) classifi ed image formation into fi ve sections; overt induced, covert induced, autonomous, organic and visit the destination. According Crompton (1993) personal factors aff ect the formation of destination image.…”