IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus

Abstract

To verify the response of host cells to trichomonad infection, a primary culture of bovine epithelial cells (BOECs) was grown to model host cells, following previously published procedures (Midlej et al. 2009). The JT strain of T. vaginalis (Fig. 1A) and the K strain of T. foetus (Fig. 1B) were used as models for human and bovine parasites, respectively. Parasites were cultivated in trypticaseyeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium (Diamond 1957) Financial support: CNPq, FAPERJ, CAPES, PRONEX, AUSU + Corresponding author: marlenebenchimol@gmail.com Received 28 January 2012 Accepted 18 July 2012 supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum. Host cell cultures were exposed to a parasite:BOECS cell ratio of 5:1 for 12 h in 37ºC (Fig. 1C, D). Cells were equilibrated in incubation medium for 5 min at 37ºC (5% CO 2 ) prior to parasite addition. The medium contained two parts of complete DMEM (pH 7.2) and one part TYM medium (W/D 2:1) without serum. The incubation medium and temperature were chosen after testing parasite and host cell viabilities in several different conditions. The supernatants of cultures with parasites or without (controls) were collected and cytokine levels were quantified with specific kits for measuring

Immunological Aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Some Public Health Centers in Erbil Governorate, Northern Iraq

“…Furthermore, T. vaginalis was also stimulated the secretion of GM-CSF but not IL-6 and IL-1β in pregnant women. [24] However, Han et al [25] reported that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly expressed by human macrophages on exposure to T. vaginalis in vitro. The parasite strain may also be concerned in the immunological studies of trichomoniasis.…”

“…IL-10 contributes to inhibition of Th1 immunity and favors a T helper Type 2 response. [18,24] In respect to autoantibodies, the levels of anticardiolipin (IgG and IgM) antibodies and antiphospholipid IgG were significantly elevated in women with trichomoniasis. However, antiphospholipid IgM level was non-significantly elevated in women with trichomoniasis in comparison to uninfected control women.…”

Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review

“…Molecular expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers for T regulatory and T helper 17 cells, as well as heme oxygenase-1 expression in uterine tissue of BALB/c mice has demonstrated TNF-α augmentation in the uterus of infected animals. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was also upregulated (Vilela and Benchimol 2013;Woudwyk et al 2012). These studies provide new hope for development of vaccines against trichomoniasis.…”

Bovine neutrophils kill the sexually-transmitted parasite Tritrichomonas foetus using trogocytosis

“…While trogocytosis is not always lethal (Bettadapur et al 2020 ; Uribe-Querol and Rosales 2021 ), trogocytosis as a mode by which PMNs kill targets has been established for target cells including cancer cells (Matlung et al 2018 ), sperm cells (Olivera-Valle et al 2020 ), and the human-infective trichomonad parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis (Mercer et al 2018 ). Given the similarities between T. vaginalis and T. foetus in size and morphology (Vilela and Benchimol 2013 ), as well as similarities in their host-cell attachment and pathogenesis (Vilela and Benchimol 2013 ), it is logical that PMNs would combat both parasites similarly.…”