IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Discovery and Characterization of Secretory IgD in Rainbow Trout: Secretory IgD Is Produced through a Novel Splicing Mechanism

“…The research with Xenopus and catfish completely opened the panorama for future findings, allowing the discovery of other IgD genes in nonmammalian species. The d loci have been described in primates, rodents, cattle, sheep, pigs (9), horses (10), giant pandas (11), and dogs (12), as well as more exotic species, including the platypus (13), the leopard gecko (14), Chinese soft-shelled turtle (15), and the green anole lizard (16). IgD is now considered an ancient Ig that was present in vertebrates ancestral to both the mammals and the ray-finned fishes (7).…”

Ig heavy chain genes and their locus in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…Avian species are reported to have IgM and IgA, and also IgY in duck [6,7], but as IgG in chicken which, from a phylogenetic perspective, is equidistant from mammalian IgG and IgE and which in birds has sometimes been referred to as IgY [8]. Recently, IgM, IgD and IgY genes have been identified in reptile, the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) with available genome data [9], and also in an economically important species [10]. An IgA-like immunoglobulin has also been identified in leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) [11].…”

Identification of Two IgD+ B Cell Populations in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

“…This inclusion of Cm1 was hypothesized to be necessary because it permits the Igd H chain to covalently associate with catfish IgL chains. After the discovery in catfish, IgD was identified in other teleosts (6)(7)(8)(9)(10), artiodactyls (11)(12)(13), and later in dogs (14), horses (15), Xenopus (16), leopard gecko (17), green anole lizard (18), turtle (19), and more recently in the platypus (20,21). The inclusion of Cm1 has been observed in all teleost Igd transcripts; interestingly, the Cd1 domain in cow, sheep, and pig exhibits .93% amino acid identity to the respective Cm1 domain in each of these species (11)(12)(13).…”