If you do not know the child's temperament you do not know the child

Calluen, Carmelo; Oakland, Thomas

doi:10.1590/0103-166x2014000100001

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These fi ndings are congruent with international research with this temperament model as reported by others (e.g., Benson, et al, 2009;Callueng & Oakland, 2014;Myers & Myers, 1980;Rowinski et al, 2013) and add evidence as to the validity of the IATS's internal structure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Invariance testing suggests that scores refl ecting temperament styles have similar meanings for men and women. In general, international research suggests that men are more likely to prefer a thinking style while women are more likely to prefer a feeling style (Callueng & Oakland, 2014;Francis, 2006;Joyce, 2010;Myers et al, 1998). This fi nding is consistent with previous Brazilian data related to gender and creative styles (Wechsler, 2009), thus confi rming that, in western societies, women display a greater need for attachment (Else-Quest et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western societies generally value autonomy in men and relatedness and attachment in women (Luyten & Blatt, 2013;Wechsler, 2009). Gender differences on thinking-feeling were evident in most of the 21 countries in which children's temperament data have been studied (Callueng & Oakland, 2014;Joyce, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor structure of the inventory of adult temperament styles

Wechsler¹,

Benson²,

Oakland³

et al. 2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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Temperament refers to stylistic and relatively stable traits that subsume intrinsic tendencies to act and react in somewhat predictable ways to people, events, and stimuli. Temperament can be defi ned by four bipolar styles: extroversion-introversion, practical-imaginative, thinking-feeling, and organizedfl exible. These four styles provide the theoretical structure for the group administered Inventory of Adult Temperament Styles (IATS).Validity evidences are reported on 853 middle class adults (43% female), ages 15 through 54 (M = 26.5, SD = 8.6), who were studying at universities or working in Sao Paulo state (Brazil). The degree items are consistent with the four temperament styles was examined through item response theory and confi rmatory factor analysis. Results confi rm the proposed theoretical structure. Invariance testing suggests that scores refl ecting temperament styles have similar meanings for men and women. Implications as well as future directions for research are discussed. Keywords: Assessment, type, styles, temperament, personality. ResumoO temperamento compreende estilos e traços relativamente estáveis que representam tendências para agir e reagir de formas previsíveis frente aos acontecimentos, pessoas ou estímulos. O temperamento pode ser defi nido por quatro estilos bipolares: extroversão-introversão, prático-imaginativo, pensamento-sentimento, organizado-fl exível. Estes quatro estilos compuseram a estrutura teórica do Inventory of Adult Temperament Styles (IATS). As evidências de validade do IATS foram investigadas em uma amostra de 853 adultos (43% mulheres), idades entre DP=8,6), estudando ou trabalhando no estado de São Paulo. A adequação dos itens em relação aos quatro estilos de temperamento foi examinada através da teoria de resposta ao item e da análise fatorial confi rmatória. Os resultados confi rmaram a estrutura teórica proposta. O teste da invariância indicou que os estilos de temperamento observados possuem signifi cados semelhantes para homens e mulheres. Implicações e sugestões para futuras pesquisas são discutidas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factor structure of the inventory of adult temperament styles

Wechsler¹,

Benson²,

Oakland³

et al. 2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

Self Cite

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“…Elsewhere, we express the belief that understanding students requires knowledge of their temperament preferences (C. Callueng & Oakland, 2014). The temperamentbased qualities summarized in Table 1 are well-known precursors to learning and personal development and thus should be assessed.…”

Section: Implications For School Psychology Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament Styles of Children in Three Sub-Saharan African Countries

Oakland

Callueng

2015

Canadian Journal of School Psychology

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This cross-national research examined temperament style preferences among children in three sub-Saharan African countries (i.e., Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe) and possible differences between them on four bipolar temperament styles: extrovertedintroverted, practical-imaginative, thinking-feeling, and organized-flexible. Children in these three countries overwhelmingly favor practical to imaginative styles as well as organized to flexible styles. They also generally favor feeling to thinking styles. Children's preferences for extroverted and introverted styles are more balanced. Differences between countries and by gender are discussed. Implications for school psychology practice as well as viewing these four bipolar qualities as etic traits also are discussed.Psychology has had a long-standing interest in temperament. The scholarly foundation for this interest was established as early as 350 BC when Hippocrates (1923, 1994) described four humors or temperaments associated with body fluids thought to control or at least influence behavior. Later Galen (1992;Kagan, 1994) extended Hippocrates's work by describing four pathological temperaments (i.e., choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanguine) derived from four bodily fluids. Temperament's biological basis found its origin in these early Greek writings.

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“…Os estilos de temperamento são constituídos a partir da fusão entre aspectos comuns do temperamento e dos estilos intelectuais acima citados, considerando também que ambos são afetados por aspectos biológicos, cognitivos, afetivos, psicológicos e sociais, bem como das escolhas pessoais como fatores que podem ser considerados na análise de uma ação realizada pela pessoa (Callueng & Oakland, 2014). Assim sendo, para atingir o equilíbrio, condição de saúde definida por Galeno há mais de 2500 anos, será necessário aprender como relacionar os aspectos citados de forma harmoniosa.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified