Identifying, managing and monitoring conflicts between forest biodiversity conservation and other human interests in Europe

Niemelä, Jari; Young, Juliette; Alard, Didier; Askasibar, M.; Henle, Klaus; Johnson, Richard K.; Kurttila, Mikko; Larsson, Torbjörn; Matouch, S.; Nowicki, Peter; Paiva, Maria Rosa; Portoghesi, Luigi; Smulders, M.J.M.; Stevenson, A. W.; Tartes, Urmas; Watt, Allan D.

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2004.04.005

Cited by 121 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(1) the social component benefits from the resources extracted from the ecological component; (2) this use of resources does not degrade or destroy the local ecology, but, conversely, owing to the anthropogenic mosaic of landscapes and habitat heterogeneity, the ecological component remains healthy and supports high biological diversity (Young et al 2003(Young et al , 2005.…”

Section: Discussion: Ethno-ecological Context and The Role Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, they started to migrate in search of jobs. Today, young children and aged residents remain in the villages, whilst many others go to work in distant locations, mostly in Turkey, especially young males who also can speak Turkish fairly well (see also Henle et al 2008;Niemelä et al 2005). For citizens of Georgia crossing the Turkey border is visa-free, so Skhalta locals reside there seasonally or on a long-term basis, mostly as agricultural workers.…”

Section: The Skhalta Gorge In the 20 Th And 21 St Centuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethno-ecological contexts of the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti (Georgia, the Caucasus)

Tevzadze

Kikvidze

2016

Journal of Political Ecology

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The applicability and analytical power of political ecology is improved by study of the 'ethno-ecological context', which is based on the concept of socio-ecological systems (SES). It represents an operating principle of interactions between the ecological and social systems of a specific locality, developing under different historical, political and climatic regimes. We compare two socio-ecological systems in the high mountain regions of Georgia -the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti. These are on the southern and northern borders of Georgia. Historically, their socio-ecological systems were similar but today the Skhalta Gorge is rapidly depopulating, whilst in the Upper Svaneti the population is stable. The comparison of the ethnoecological context and today's state of affairs suggests that (i) "self-regulation" and conserving local culture and traditions, whilst the country undergoes rapid social and political changes, can lead to degradation or even destruction of either the ecological or the social components; (ii) conversely, sustainable development results from active intervention rather than abstaining from it; (iii) tourism appears as a mechanism that restores the ethno-ecological context by providing a source of income -under certain conditions, it supports traditional agriculture. Key words: Political ecology, ethno-ecological context, socio-ecological systems, Georgia, Adjara, Svaneti, Mulakhi community, Skhalta Gorge, sustainability, tourism. RésuméL'ajout de "contexte ethnoécologique" peut améliorer grandement la puissance d'analyse, ainsi que multiapplicabilité de l'écologie politique: le contexte ethnoécologique est basé sur le concept des systèmes socioécologiques et représente un principe de fonctionnement des interactions entre les systèmes écologiques et sociaux d'une localité spécifique, qui se développe de différentes manières sous un regime differént climatique, politique et naturel et qui provoque le développement durable du système socio-écologique local. Ceci est démontré par les exemples de systèmes socio-écologiques de deux régions de haute montagne de la Géorgie -la gorge Skhalta et la Haute Svanétie. Ces deux régions sont situés à différentes -sud et nordfrontières de la Géorgie. Historiquement, leurs systèmes socio-écologiques étaient similaires; cependant, maintenant la gorge Skhalta est dépeuple rapidement, tandis que dans le Haut Svaneti la démographie est stable. La comparaison du contexte ethno-écologique et l'état actuel des choses suggère que (i) en laissant les systèmes socio-écologiques sans intervention au motif de les mettre sur "l'autorégulation" et la conservation de la culture et les traditions locales (alors que le pays subit les changements rapides, social et politiques) peuvent conduire à une dégradation ou même la destruction de l'une ou l'autre composante -écologique ou la sociale -de ces systèmes; (ii) le développement durable résultant de l'intervention active, mais pas en abstenir; (iii) dans certaines conditions, le tourisme peut être non seulement ...

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Section: Discussion: Ethno-ecological Context and The Role Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Skhalta Gorge In the 20 Th And 21 St Centuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethno-ecological contexts of the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti (Georgia, the Caucasus)

Tevzadze

Kikvidze

2016

Journal of Political Ecology

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“…Even if such schemes were developed and used, it is important to highlight that the conflicts over how to use land would not disappear. Researchers concerned with the politics of land use (Berry & Plaut 1978;de Groot 2006;Niemelä et al 2005;Pacione 2013) highlight that valuation of land and decisions over the purpose for which land should be used is a matter of politics. The prioritisation of one type of land use over all other possible ways of using a defined physical entity of land is based in how that entity is valued.…”

Section: What Land Is 'Suitable For Cultivation'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Agricultural Land as an Issue of Societal Importance

Slätmo

2017

Rural Landscapes: Society, Environment, History

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Based on concerns about food security and food sovereignty, it is appropriate to scrutinise societal measures for protecting agricultural land from conversion to other uses. Changes from agricultural to urban land use are particularly problematic, as they are largely irreversible. By analysing relevant Swedish policy, the present study investigated how the protection of agricultural land is framed as an issue of societal importance. Protection of agricultural land is enshrined in Swedish law, but its use is still continually changing to housing and other constructions. In a structured policy analysis, two questions were examined: (1) what are the societal motives for protecting agricultural land in Sweden, and (2) how do these motives influence the governance of agricultural land? The meaning of 'national importance', 'suitable for cultivation' and 'significant national interests' in Swedish land-use law was also analysed. The results showed that formulations in the law reflect the ambivalent discourses on agricultural land preservation and that the Swedish authorities view other land uses as more important than agriculture.The Swedish governance system is currently built on trust that municipal institutions will make satisfactory decisions concerning land and water use. However, it has been shown that these decisions have not been satisfactory concerning the protection of agricultural land, and it is important to acknowledge that the sum of local decisions can be degrading for these life-supporting resources. The present analysis revealed a looming conflict between the preservation of soils for food production, on one hand, and local participation in decision making, on the other. This raises the question of whether it is more important to defend subsidiarity or to preserve certain resources which are important for food security, such as agricultural land.

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“…The overall land use structure in Europe has been changing to accommodate for the economic development, and although forest land cover has increased, only 1.6% of the continent's natural forests are protected legally [76][77]. Poland is no exception to this developmental trend and with its accession to the EU, intensification of certain practices such as those in agriculture is expected.…”

Section: Conflicts Over Conservation On Private Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%