“…Rapid urbanization and increasing human interference have posed a grave threat to the island environment, generating complex human-dominated landscapes and profoundly affecting the functioning of island and marine ecosystems, as well as the services they provide to humans and other life forms (e.g., Crawford, Marcucci, and Bennett, 2013;Diamond, Ashmole, and Purves, 1989;Shoyama and Braimoh, 2011;Tzanopoulos, Mitchley, and Pantis, 2005;Tzanopoulos and Vogiatzakis, 2011;Tzatzanis, Wrbka, and Sauberer, 2003). This pattern is particularly evident in many parts of the developing world, such as Brazil (Bertolo, Lima, and Santos, 2012), Indonesia (Crawford et al, 2006;Lim, 2011, 2012), and China (Chen et al, 2014;Lu et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2008;Wang and Liu, 2013).…”