Identifying a mysterious aquatic fern gametophyte

Phylogeny has long informed pteridophyte classification. As our ability to infer evolutionary trees has improved, classifications aimed at recognizing natural groups have become increasingly predictive and stable. Here, we provide a modern, comprehensive classification for lycophytes and ferns, down to the genus level, utilizing a community‐based approach. We use monophyly as the primary criterion for the recognition of taxa, but also aim to preserve existing taxa and circumscriptions that are both widely accepted and consistent with our understanding of pteridophyte phylogeny. In total, this classification treats an estimated 11 916 species in 337 genera, 51 families, 14 orders, and two classes. This classification is not intended as the final word on lycophyte and fern taxonomy, but rather a summary statement of current hypotheses, derived from the best available data and shaped by those most familiar with the plants in question. We hope that it will serve as a resource for those wanting references to the recent literature on pteridophyte phylogeny and classification, a framework for guiding future investigations, and a stimulus to further discourse.

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“…Circumscription sensu Rouhan et al () and Moran (). Monophyletic (Rouhan et al, ; Li et al, ). About 60 species. Thysanosoria A.Gepp, Fl.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A community‐derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

2016

J of Sytematics Evolution

1,121

273

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“…In addition, we determined sequences of ndhF (Kuo et al 2016) and trnL-F (Taberlet et al 1991;Li et al 2009) in a few samples for each rbcL haplotype. Rothfels et al (2013) designed several universal nuclear markers for ferns.…”

Section: Molecular Analysis Of Plastid and Nuclear Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent hybridization without homoeologous chromosome paring in the <i>Dryopteris varia</i> complex (Dryopteridaceae)

2018

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ABSTRACT:Controlling combining chromosomes in meiosis is necessary to maintain genome constitutions. The Dryopteirs varia complex is one of the apogamous fern groups which perform recurrent hybridization with unequal meiosis, and produce spores after meiosis of the genome doubling in spore mother cells. We analyzed five low-copy nuclear markers (AK1, EST, GapCp, G6PD, and PgiC) and three regions of plastid DNA (rbL, ndhF and trnL-F). The genetic constitution of the five nuclear markers was the same in the D. varia complex. Therefore, recurrent hybridization seemed to be occurred without homoeologous chromosome paring. KEYWORDS: Apogamous ferns, Homoeologous, Hybridization, Unequal meiosisControlling combining chromosomes in meiosis is necessary to maintain genome constitutions (Riley and Chapman 1958; Wall et al. 1971;Griffiths et al. 2006). Especially, meiosis of hybrids does not succeed because appropriate partners to pair are absent (Hirabayashi 1969(Hirabayashi , 1970. To solve this problem, allopolyploid has doubled set of chromosomes originated from progenitors to pair (Kihara 1924(Kihara , 1930 Wagner 1954; Riley and Chapman 1958;Ebihara et al. 2005;Griffiths et al. 2006; Sessa et al. 2012). Furthermore, allopolyploids can get more genome from other progenitors through recurrent hybridizations. In this case, the set of chromosomes originated from a parental allopolyploid and another parental diploid are also saved (Kihara 1924(Kihara , 1930 Riley and Chapman 1958;Griffiths et al. 2006; Sessa et al. 2012).Many apogamous ferns also have to control behaviors of their chromosomes because they produce spores through delicate mechanism called 'Döpp-Manton scheme' (Döpp 1939;Manton 1950). In this mechanism, disomic chromosome pairing and meiosis is occurred after genome doubling of spore mother cells. However, if homoeologous chromosomes pair randomly, offspring may have various morphological characteristics because genome constitutions of them are edited, but it does not seem to be occurred in regular shaped spores (Manton 1950). In fact, if homoeologous chromosome pairing is occurred in spore mother cells, the offspring get difficulty to survive (Otsuki et al. 2012).Otherwise, apogamous ferns get genetic diversity through hybridization between sexual species (Grusz et al. 2009;Ebihara et al. 2012;Dyer et al. 2012;Hori et al. 2014). Apogamous ferns get genetic variation through hybridization maintaining maturity of their spores in three patterns: (1) tetraploid apogamous hybrid between triploid apogamous species and diploid sexual species (Walker 1962; Watano and Iwatsuki 1988;Grusz et al. 2009;Dyer et al. 2012); (2) tetraploid apogamous hybrid between diploid apogamous species and tetraploid sexual species (Walker 1962); (3) triploid apogamous hybrid between diploid apogamous species and diploid sexual species (Walker 1962; Suzuki and Iwatsuki 1990;Chao et al. 2012;Jaruwattanaphan et al. 2013); (4) triploid apogamous hybrid between triploid apogamous species and diploid sexual species (Hori et al. 2014); (...

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“…In such cases, barcoding is an efficient and valuable technique. Some ecologists have started using the barcoding approach to identify specific unknown plant samples for practical purposes (Li et al, 2009;Van de Wiel et al, 2009). Ongoing developments of new primers and improvements in sequencing techniques have facilitated the data-emergence process of plant barcoding (Soltis et al, 1996;Plunkett et al, 1997;Van de Wiel et al, 2009;Burgess et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dna Barcoding Of Arid Wild Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of matK sequences for some plant groups has been reported to be problematic, because this part of the chloroplast genome underwent a large-scale restructuring during evolution (Duffy et al, 2009;de Groot et al, 2011). None of the currently existing primer sets are likely suitable for all lineages of land plants (Hollingsworth et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009;Roy et al, 2010) and efforts are now focusing on the development of complex primer assays to achieve reliable amplification and sequencing of land plants.…”

Section: Dna Barcoding Of Arid Wild Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of arid wild plants using rbcL gene sequences

Bafeel¹,

Arif²,

Bakir³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. DNA barcoding is currently gaining popularity due to its simplicity and high accuracy as compared to the complexity and subjective biases associated with morphology-based identification of taxa. The standard chloroplast DNA barcode for land plants recommended by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) plant working group needs to be evaluated for a wide range of plant species. We therefore tested the potential of the rbcL marker for the identification of wild plants belonging to diverse families of arid regions. Maximum likelihood tree analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminatory power of the rbcL gene. Our findings showed that using rbcL gene sequences enabled identification of the majority of the samples (92%) to genus level and only 17% to species level.

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Identifying a mysterious aquatic fern gametophyte

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

A community‐derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

A community‐derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

Recurrent hybridization without homoeologous chromosome paring in the <i>Dryopteris varia</i> complex (Dryopteridaceae)

DNA barcoding of arid wild plants using rbcL gene sequences

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