Identification of the Molecular Precursors for Hydrazine Solution Processed CuIn(Se,S)₂ Films and Their Interactions

Abstract

We investigate the molecular species present in hydrazine CuIn(Se,S)2 precursor solutions, their interactions, and phase formation in solution processed CuIn(Se,S)2 thin films through Raman spectroscopy. The reaction between Cu2S and sulfur yields [Cu6S4]2− ions, while [In2Se4]2− ions are formed by the reaction of In2Se3 with selenium within their respective solutions. Once combined to prepare a CuIn(Se,S)2 precursor solution, these two species appear to be bridged via newly formed In−S bonds. The creation of the In−S bonds in the CuIn(Se,S)2 precursor solution provides strong evidence for the mixing of copper, indium, sulfur, and selenium at a molecular level even prior to deposition. From this configuration, relatively little atomic diffusion is required to reach the chalcopyrite structure, which enables the formation of highly uniform polycrystalline CuIn(Se,S)2 films at relatively low temperatures.

Hydrazine solution processed Sb2S3, Sb2Se3 and Sb2(S1−xSex)3 film: molecular precursor identification, film fabrication and band gap tuning

“…The first three peaks are attributable to the symmetric Sb-S stretching mode which belongs to SbS 3 units22 in the Sb-S complex. The peak located at 2560 cm −1 is the S-H stretching mode of (N 2 H 5 ) 2 S molecules formed by elemental sulfur reacted with hydrazine23. Figure 1C shows the Raman spectra of several Sb-S solutions, prepared with S/Sb molar ratios ranging from 3.5 to 8, and the concentration of Sb was fixed to be 0.5 M. The peaks resulting from Sb-S complex show negligible changes along with the increase of sulfur concentration; however, the S-H peaks located at 2560 cm −1 show increased amplitude when the S/Sb ratio gradually increased, as evidenced in the insert.…”

Efficient Plasmonic Au/CdSe Nanodumbbell for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation beyond Visible Region

“…[7] However, a few catalysts under the near-infrared light (NIR)-driven were almost the upconversion composites, [8] ultrathin layered materials, [9] and black phosphorus (BP), [10] and a large portion of the catalysts were just used to degrade methylene blue, rhodamine B, or other organic pollutant, not generation H 2 . Second, selenization reaction (Se powder and hydrazine hydrate aqueous solution) [12] was triggered just by dripping appropriate selenium precursors to Au/Ag NRs at room temperature. [11] This report shows the efficient plasmonic photoelectrode for hydrogen generation in a wide range of the solar spectrum via a unique heterostructure, which consists of a plasmonic Au nanorod and two semiconductor CdSe caps.…”

Solution‐Processable 2D α‐In2Se3 as an Efficient Hole Transport Layer for High‐Performance and Stable Polymer Solar Cells

“…However, mechanical exfoliation is not compatible with roll‐to‐roll technology and large‐scale manufacturing, whereas the PVD and CVD methods need strict environment such as a high temperature and protective atmosphere. To overcome these disadvantages, the liquid‐phase exfoliation method has been developed . Hydrazine, N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solution, and thiol‐1,2‐ethylenediamine solvent are used to exfoliate bulk α‐In 2 Se 3 .…”

“…To overcome these disadvantages, the liquid‐phase exfoliation method has been developed . Hydrazine, N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solution, and thiol‐1,2‐ethylenediamine solvent are used to exfoliate bulk α‐In 2 Se 3 . However, these solvents are harmful and even dangerous.…”