Identification of Fatty Acids in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Cocoa Beans, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), and Palm Kernel Beans Using Gas Chromatography

Abstract

This study aims to identify saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in Crude Palm Oil (CPO), palm kernel seeds, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), and cocoa beans using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The results of GC-FID analysis showed that VCO contains 90.896% saturated fatty acids, 49.382% CPO, 37.395% palm kernel seeds, and 21.197% cocoa beans. Lauric acid is the highest component in VCO, namely 45.567%, while in CPO the highest component is palmitic acid 43.343%, palm kernel seeds are lauric acid 21.683%, and steric acid 12.120% in cocoa beans. The most unsaturated fatty acids were found in CPO, namely 50.517%, and cocoa beans 11.825%. The unsaturated fatty acids in CPO are oleic acid 39.538% and linoleic acid 10.290%, while in cocoa beans linoleic acid is 11.016%.

Exploring the Diverse Biological Properties of Cannabidiol: A Focus on Plant Growth Stimulation

“…The literature data were slightly different from those obtained in the present research. [17] In fact, the oil analysed by Marina and collaborators [18] had a high quantity of lauric acid, missing in the sample tested, and a lower quantity of oleic acid compared to the sample under examination (5.2 vs 46.5 %).…”

Improving the quality of pendawa chocolate bar with the addition of palm oil and coconut oil

“…Formulation F1 (50 g) from the addition of coconut oil got a value of 6.04 o brix, and the highest was F3 (60 g) with a value of 7.14 o brix. The calculation of total dissolved solids content includes solid materials in the form of fat, protein, carbohydrates, and mineral fiber [12]. The existence of mineral content in palm oil and coconut oil influences the total dissolved solids value in the resulting chocolate product.…”

“…For chocolate products with the addition of coconut oil, the product hardness value F1 (g) is around approx. The difference in value is based on the saturated fat and unsaturated fat content contained in the two ingredients used, namely palm oil and coconut oil [12]. The fat contained in coconut oil is 12 g higher than palm oil, which is 7 g. Palm oil is dominated by 60.3% unsaturated fatty acids, with the highest proportion being 39.8% oleic acid, 10.2% linoleic acid, and 0.3% linolenic acid [18,19].…”

Formulation and evaluation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) lotion: Effect of variation in emulsifier type and concentration

“…It comprises of more than 90% of saturated fatty acids in its composition (i.e., lauric acid, myristic acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, capric acid, and stearic acid) (Ng et al, 2021;Mohammed et al, 2021;Divya et al, 2023). VCO also contains unsaturated fatty acids, namely oleic and linoleic acid (Mohammed et al, 2021;Sabahannur and Alimuddin, 2022). These fatty acids, especially lauric acid, are crucial as humectant agents in maintaining human's skin moisture (Pereira et al, 2022;Poljšak et al, 2022;Ainurofiq et al, 2023).…”