Identification of Early Salinity Stress-Responsive Proteins in Dunaliella salina by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic factors that inhibit plant growth. Dunaliella salina has been recognized as a model organism for stress response research due to its high capacity to tolerate extreme salt stress. A proteomic approach based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the proteome of D. salina during early response to salt stress and identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). A total of 141 DAPs were identified in salt-treated samples, including 75 upregulated and 66 downregulated DAPs after 3 and 24 h of salt stress. DAPs were annotated and classified into gene ontology functional groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis linked DAPs to tricarboxylic acid cycle, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) software, regulatory protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DAPs containing 33 and 52 nodes were built at each time point, which showed that photosynthesis and ATP synthesis were crucial for the modulation of early salinity-responsive pathways. The corresponding transcript levels of five DAPs were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). These results presented an overview of the systematic molecular response to salt stress. This study revealed a complex regulatory mechanism of early salt tolerance in D. salina and potentially contributes to developing strategies to improve stress resilience.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal mechanisms of adaptation to salinity in which carbon and nitrogen metabolism is altered in sugar beet roots

“…Moreover, the Dfructose-1 and 6P2 content increased under salt stress. These results indicate that sugar beet roots promote the decomposition of sucrose into other soluble sugars and enhance the activity of the TCA cycle under salt stress, satisfying the energy requirement for survival at the expense of slow growth, and this phenomenon becomes more obvious with increased duration of stress [71]. A previous study suggested that differences in tomato salt tolerance capability may be related to the ability to regulate both carbon allocation and sucrose metabolism [72].…”

iTRAQ protein profile analysis of sugar beet under salt stress: different coping mechanisms in leaves and roots

“…Finally, Wu et al studied proteome changes in seedlings, but only in shoots and roots, and after a very long exposure (50 mm NaCl for 72 h) [13]. While these studies are useful, we note that plant proteome responses to salt stress depend on its intensity, duration and the organ examined [14,15]. In particular, salt treatment can be gradual (salt stress) or immediate (shock) [16].…”

Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application

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