iTRAQ protein profile analysis of sugar beet under salt stress: different coping mechanisms in leaves and roots

Abstract

Background: Salinity is one of the most serious threats to world agriculture. An important sugar-yielding crop sugar beet, which shows some tolerance to salt via a mechanism that is poorly understood. Proteomics data can provide important clues that can contribute to finally understand this mechanism. Results: Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in sugar beet under salt stress treatment were identified in leaves (70 DAPs) and roots (76 DAPs). Functions of these DAPs were predicted, and included metabolism and cellular, environmental information and genetic information processing. We hypothesize that these processes work in concert to maintain cellular homeostasis. Some DAPs are closely related to salt resistance, such as choline monooxygenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and F-type H +-transporting ATPase. The expression pattern of ten DAPs encoding genes was consistent with the iTRAQ data. Conclusions: During sugar beet adaptation to salt stress, leaves and roots cope using distinct mechanisms of molecular metabolism regulation. This study provides significant insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the response of higher plants to salt stress, and identified some candidate proteins involved in salt stress countermeasures.

Whole-Transcriptome RNA Sequencing Reveals the Global Molecular Responses and CeRNA Regulatory Network of mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs in Response to Salt Stress in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)

“…Indeed, we found that basic blue protein (Bv1_023200_jmkt.t1) and uclacyanin-2 (Bv6_144730_qgsa.t1) were down-regulated by the mtr-MIR408-p3_2ss18GT19GA-mediated ceRNA network (Figure 8), which may be related to copper distribution. This is in agreement with our previous studies on the proteome of sugar beet under salt stress revealing up-regulation of plastocyanin in leaves [48], consistent with copper ions being preferentially supplied to photosynthesis. Other studies have shown that the expression of miR408 was up-regulated under abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana [49] and that the overexpression of miR408 enhanced drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) [50].…”

Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Cultivated Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and Wild Beet (Beta maritima L.)

“…Liu et al (2020) reported that the reduction of sucrose in roots might be due to the decomposition of sucrose into other soluble sugars and increments of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity under stress [50]. Recently, sucrose synthases (SuSy), which take part in sucrose synthesis and decomposition in plants, have been found to be accumulated in sugar beet roots under salt stress, suggesting that osmotic regulation in roots may be related to the accumulation of these enzymes [53].…”

“…So far, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and CO 2 assimilation have been used as selection criteria in beets [18,19,34,40,53], as it is known that stress conditions damage the most stress-sensitive organelles (chloroplasts) and impact PSII activity and CO 2 assimilation rate negatively [154]. In sugar beet, the decrease in chlorophyll levels caused by stress might be related to ROS production and osmotic stress, leading to pigment degradation, decrease in CO 2 influx, and photosynthesis [40].…”

“…In addition to salt tolerance, beets display better tolerance to water deficit compared to other grain crops [ 18 , 23 , 48 , 49 ]. Major abiotic stress factors such as salinity and drought in beets generally cause various morpho-physiological alterations such as growth retardation, wilting of leaves, reduction in stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration, decline in relative water content (RWC), leaf photosynthetic pigments, lower root biomass, membrane damage through lipid peroxidation, accumulation of compatible solutes, lower white sugar yield, and enhancement of specific leaf weight and succulence index [ 18 , 30 , 31 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. In beets, yield reductions after drought might be due to changes in RWC and water potential in leaves [ 56 ], limited leaf growth and CO 2 assimilation [ 57 ].…”

Growth, Stoichiometry, and Palatability of Suaeda salsa From Different Habitats Are Demonstrated by Differentially Expressed Proteins and Their Enriched Pathways

“…For example, in Ocimum basilicum L., the obvious effect of drought stress on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis increases the content of methyl tea phenol and methyl eugenol and then alters the expression profiles of leaves ( Mandoulakani et al, 2017 ). Salt stress may regulate the synthesis of the proteins related to carbohydrates, detoxification, antioxidation, secondary metabolism, and ion transport ( Rahman et al, 2015 ; Xiong et al, 2017 ; Li J. L. et al, 2020 ) that can enhance plant salt tolerance and subsequently improve growth performance ( Zhao C. Z. et al, 2019 ). Other stress factors, such as pathogens and pollutants, may also lead to the overexpression of some proteins, thus changing the tolerance and external performance of plants ( Feng et al, 2021 ).…”