Identification of biomarkers and genetic approaches toward chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accounts as the leading cause of mortality worldwide prominently affected by genetic and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by persistent coughing, breathlessness airways inflammation followed by a decrease in forced expiratory volume1 and exacerbations, which affect the quality of life. Determination of genetic, epigenetic, and oxidant biomarkers to evaluate the progression of disease has proved complicated and challenging. Approaches including exome sequencing, genome‐wide association studies, linkage studies, and inheritance and segregation studies played a crucial role in the identification of genes, their pathways and variation in genes. This review highlights multiple approaches for biomarker and gene identification, which can be used for differential diagnosis along with the genome editing tools to study genes associated with the development of disease and models their function. Further, we have discussed the approaches to rectify the abnormal gene functioning of respiratory tissues and various novel gene editing techniques like Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9).

Curcumin synergistically potentiates the protective effect of sitagliptin against chronic deltamethrin nephrotoxicity in rats: Impact on pro‐inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/Ho‐1 pathway

“…While a few studies about DLM's poisonous quality have been reported, few investigations have been done on the protective agents utilized against such harmfulness and the mechanism of their ameliorative action. In the present examination, the renal wounds produced by DLM might be caused by the OS because of the generation of free radicals …”

Involvement of orbit in maxillofacial fractures: “Evaluation of its spectrum, characteristics, and treatment in 200 patients”—Prospective study

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Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis

“…Besides, it is possible to synthesize dendrimers with specific biological and physicochemical properties, as well as to customize the release mechanism of encapsulated molecules from dendrimers. Multiple ligands can also be conjugated, offering them with higher specificity and efficacy in the delivery of various drugs and vaccines [43] , [44] , [50] , [51] . Hence, these unique features of dendrimers make them particularly suitable as the candidates for developing novel drugs and vaccines delivery systems in the management of influenza viral infections.…”