Direct removal of 99TcO4− from the highly acidic solution of used nuclear fuel is highly beneficial for the recovery of uranium and plutonium and more importantly aids in the elimination of 99Tc discharge into the environment. However, this task represents a huge challenge given the combined extreme conditions of super acidity, high ionic strength, and strong radiation field. Here we overcome this challenge using a cationic polymeric network with significant TcO4− uptake capabilities in four aspects: the fastest sorption kinetics, the highest sorption capacity, the most promising uptake performance from highly acidic solutions, and excellent radiation-resistance and hydrolytic stability among all anion sorbent materials reported. In addition, this material is fully recyclable for multiple sorption/desorption trials, making it extremely attractive for waste partitioning and emergency remediation. The excellent TcO4− uptake capability is elucidated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, solid-state NMR measurement, and density functional theory analysis on anion coordination and bonding.

SUMMARY Mitochondria play an integral role in cell death, autophagy, immunity, and inflammation. We previously showed that Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor, induces apoptosis by targeting mitochondria. Here, we report that celastrol, a potent anti-inflammatory pentacyclic triterpene, binds Nur77 to inhibit inflammation and induce autophagy in a Nur77-dependent manner. Celastrol promotes Nur77 translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria, where it interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), a scaffold protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase important for inflammatory signaling. The interaction is mediated by an LxxLL motif in TRAF2 and results not only in the inhibition of TRAF2 ubiquitination but also in Lys63-linked Nur77 ubiquitination. Under inflammatory conditions, ubiquitinated Nur77 resides at mitochondria, rendering them sensitive to autophagy, an event involving Nur77 interaction with p62/SQSTM1. Together, our results identify Nur77 as a critical intracellular target for celastrol and unravel a mechanism of Nur77-dependent clearance of inflamed mitochondria to alleviate inflammation.

Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicle (EV)–containing miRNAs mediate intercellular communications in response to noxious stimuli. It remains unclear how a cell selectively sorts the cellular miRNAs into EVs. We report that caveolin-1 (cav-1) is essential for sorting of selected miRNAs into microvesicles (MVs), a main type of EVs generated by outward budding of the plasma membrane. We found that cav-1 tyrosine 14 (Y14)–phosphorylation leads to interactions between cav-1 and hnRNPA2B1, an RNA-binding protein. The cav-1/hnRNPA2B1 complex subsequently traffics together into MVs. Oxidative stress induces O-GlcNAcylation of hnRNPA2B1, resulting in a robustly altered hnRNPA2B1-bound miRNA repertoire. Notably, cav-1 pY14 also promotes hnRNPA2B1 O-GlcNAcylation. Functionally, macrophages serve as the principal recipient of epithelial MVs in the lung. MV-containing cav-1/hnRNPA2B1 complex-bound miR-17/93 activate tissue macrophages. Collectively, cav-1 is the first identified membranous protein that directly guides RNA-binding protein into EVs. Our work delineates a novel mechanism by which oxidative stress compels epithelial cells to package and secrete specific miRNAs and elicits an innate immune response.

for the battery technologies. However, the main impediment for the practical application of lithium metal batteries is the lithium dendrite formation. [5] It not only penetrates the separator to induce the short circuit of the batteries, [6] but also generates high surface area in the anode to accelerate the unwanted side reactions between electrolytes and lithium metal, resulting in the electrolyte depletion and the subsequent battery failure. [7][8][9] Up to now, many strategies targeting lithium dendrites suppression rely on the "internal strategies," i.e., the modification or optimization of the components inside the cells. Those strategies include electrolyte optimization, artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) design, and synthesis of 3D current collector. [1] Electrolyte additives such as LiF, [10] LiNO 3 , [11] and Li 2 S x [12] were chosen to form stable SEI on the surface of Li anode to suppress the dendrite growth. [13] For creating artificial SEI layer on the anode, gas treatment [14] (N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , or SO 2 ), liquid treatment (Li 3 PO 4[15] and Cu 3 N/styrene−butadiene rubber [16] ), and physical deposition of nanofilm (Al 2 O 3 , [17] carbon, [18] and organic polymer [19] ) are the three typical methods by accessing the internal interface of the battery. The rational design of 3D current collectors also helps to inhibit dendritic growth. [20] One type of 3D current collectors is lithiophilic matrix such as lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient interfacial layer, [21] N-doped graphene, [22] and metal−organic framework, [23] which redistributes Li-ions to the anode surface through chemical bonding interactions to achieve uniform lithium deposition. The other type is conductive matrix including porous carbon, [7] graphene matrix, [24] 3D-ordered macroporous Cu, [25] and fibrous metal felt [26] that reduces dendritic growth by reducing the current density with a large surface area. [27,28] Although these "internal strategies" could effectively suppress the dendrite formation, cell stability becomes a concern due to the change of the cell environment such as the use of additives and the modification of the electrode.Introducing an "external strategy," by using external magnetic field to rearrange the Li + concentration on the anode surface, could achieve a uniform lithium deposition. The latest study shows that the growth of Li dendrites stems from the nonuniform Li + concentration on the electrode surface. [29] Lithium metal is the most attractive anode material due to its extremely high specific capacity, minimum potential, and low density. However, uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrite results in severe safety and cycling stability concerns, which hinders the application in next generation secondary batteries. In this paper, a new and facile method imposing a magnetic field to lithium metal anodes is proposed. That is, the lithium ions suffering Lorentz force due to the electromagnetic fields are put into spiral motion causing magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect. This MHD effect can effecti...

BackgroundEctopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of EP risk can help prevent its occurrence. We carried out a multi-center, large-sample, case-control study to evaluate the risk factors for EP in Shanghai, China.MethodsWomen who were diagnosed with EP (n = 2411) and women with intrauterine pregnancies (n = 2416) were recruited from five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Information regarding the sociodemographic characteristics; reproductive, gynecological and surgical history; and previous and current use of contraceptives was collected from all participants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and adjusted for potential confounding factors via multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study revealed that the risk of EP was associated with the traditional risk factors including previous EP (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.72, 95 % CI: 1.83–4.05), previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection (Adjusted OR = 3.18, 95 % CI: 2.64, 3.84), previous infertility (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.66–2.88), previous adnexal surgery (AOR = 2.09, 95 % CI: 1.49–2.93), previous appendectomy (AOR = 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.13–2.37), and previous use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) (AOR = 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.39–2.13). Additionally, EP risk was increased following the failure of most contraceptives used in the current cycle including IUDs (AOR = 16.43, 95 % CI: 10.42–25.89), oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 3.02, 95 % CI: 1.16–7.86), levonorgestrel emergency contraception (AOR = 4.75, 95 % CI: 3.79–5.96), and female sterilization (AOR = 4 .73, 95 % CI: 1.04–21.52). Stratified analysis showed that in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was the main risk factor for EP in women with tubal infertility (AOR = 8.99, 95 % CI: 1.98–40.84), although IVF-ET showed no association with EP in women with non-tubal infertility (AOR = 2.52, 95 % CI: 0.14–44.67).ConclusionIn addition to the traditional risk factors, IVF-ET and current IUD use play dominant roles in the occurrence of EP. Attention should be given to women with tubal infertility who have undergone IVE-ET treatment.

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Degradation mechanism of rechargeable lithium/sulfur-graphene oxide cell was studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy.