Identification of anabolic steroids in serum, urine, sweat and hair

Thieme, Detlef; Anielski, Patricia; Grosse, Joachim; Sachs, Hans; Mueller, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01604-5

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Advantages of monitoring for hormonal growth promoters in hair include long-term detectability (which can sometimes be up to several months) [3] and ease of collection of samples. Although this specific topic remains poorly understood and only partially described, different major pathways explaining how a drug may be incorporated into hair have been reported [4,5]: incorporation from blood via the follicle (endogenous pathway), incorporation from skin excretions (endogenous-exogenous pathway), and transfer from the external environment (exogenous pathway). In the case of steroids esters, it is assumed that these relatively lipophilic compounds might not be only superficially absorbed but also incorporated during hair growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hormonal growth promoters in bovine hair: Comparison of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods for estradiol benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate

Duffy

Rambaud

Bizec

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hormonal growth promoters in bovine hair: Comparison of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods for estradiol benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate

Duffy

Rambaud

Bizec

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Often investigators have difficulty determining the exact mechanism of drug exposure (1,(4)(5)(6)(7). One important source of uncertainty is the time lag between the observation of signs and the biological matrix sampling (several weeks, in the present case), which allows active metabolites to be cleared from blood and urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to steroids via transdermal preparations enhances their incorporation as non-polar (non-conjugated) compounds into the hair. Oral exposure often does not result in drug deposition in the hair, due to extensive drug metabolism (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV detection at 240 and 280 nm, while UV spectra acquisition from 220 to 350 nm; mass spectrometry acquisition in full scan (50-500 atom mass unit -amu), using nitrogen as dry gas and setting the nebuliser at 20 psi and the temperature at +350°C. Hair analytical procedures followed the ones described by Thieme et al (5). Identification was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography-low resolution tandem mass spectrometry, monitoring one precursor and two products ions; respectively, for estradiol isomers, m/z 416, 326 and 285; for ethynylestradiol, m/z 425, 407 and 231.…”

Section: Child Intoxication By Hair Lotion 763mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estrogen exposure in a child from hair lotion used by her mother: Clinical and hair analysis data

Guarneri

Brambilla

Loizzo

et al. 2008

Clinical Toxicology

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Premature estrogenic effects may result from exogenous exposure to estrogenic substances. We report the case of a 36-month-old girl who presented with vaginal bleeding, uterus enlargement, and thelarche. Questioning of the parents revealed that the child's mother had used hormone-based hair lotions on her own scalp and that the child was in the habit of playing with her mother's hair while falling asleep, and that the girl played with her mother's combs and the empty lotion vials. The onset of hyperestrogenic syndrome was temporally related to the handling of lotions containing ethynylestradiol 0.5%. Analysis of long scalp hairs from the girl and her mother identified ethynylestradiol in concentrations of 10.6 and 46.6 μg/g, respectively. Six months after the mother discontinued use of the estrogencontaining hair lotion, the girl's hyperestrogenic signs resolved. This case highlights the importance of obtaining histories of possible food and non-food environmental sources of contamination, the suitability of hair sampling to identify the origin of the contamination, and the opportunity to warn parents about hazards related not only to oral contraceptives, but also custom-compounded topical hormone preparations.

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“…Furthermore, the analysis of urinary steroids presents various advantages with respect to blood analysis, especially in postmenopausal women. There is a higher concentration of steroids in urine than in blood (Thieme et al 2003), the collection of urine samples is non invasive and they can be brought in by the subject without the intervention of a nurse, also they are easily transported and stored (Falk et al 1999). In this type of study, the GC/MS has been demonstrated to be the most specific technique allowing identification of steroid metabolites (Tripp et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aerobic exercise on urinary estrogens and progestagens in pre and postmenopausal women

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of 6 months of aerobic exercise on urinary excretion of female steroid hormones in pre and postmenopausal women and to check the basal values of urinary steroid. To this end, 20 premenopausal (age 45.56 ± 4.06 years) and 20 postmenopausal (age 52.27 ± 3.80 years) women, all sedentary, were studied before and after a supervised 6-month exercise training program (at 60-70% of maximal heart rate, 60 min/day, 3 days/week), based on aerobic dance. The exercise included standing on one leg, squatting, walking, and touching their heels. Before and after the program, anthropometric data and VO(2max) were measured and urine samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/Q-MS). Both, pre and postmenopausal women, improved their VO(2max) after the aerobic exercise program. Regarding the urinary steroids, on the one hand, important differences were observed between urinary estrogens and progestagens in pre and postmenopausal women in basal values. Estrone (P < 0.05), pregnanediol (P < 0.01), pregnanetriol (P < 0.05), and estriol (P < 0.01) levels were lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. On the other hand, the aerobic exercise program did not affect postmenopausal women in the same way as premenopausal women. After the exercise program, no changes in urinary steroid levels were observed in premenopausal women. However, the aerobic exercise program caused an increase in urinary excretion of pregnanediol (P < 0.05) and pregnanetriol (P < 0.05) in postmenopausal women.

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Identification of anabolic steroids in serum, urine, sweat and hair

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Determination of hormonal growth promoters in bovine hair: Comparison of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods for estradiol benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate

Determination of hormonal growth promoters in bovine hair: Comparison of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods for estradiol benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate

Estrogen exposure in a child from hair lotion used by her mother: Clinical and hair analysis data

Effects of aerobic exercise on urinary estrogens and progestagens in pre and postmenopausal women

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