Identification of Actinomyces and Related Bacteria in Dental Calculus by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Slack, John M.; Landfried, Sandra; Gerencser, Mary Ann

doi:10.1177/00220345710500013501

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Indeed, pleomorphic genera such as Aclinomyces almost certainly contribute to this category, just as they are likely contributors to the categories of straight rods and filaments. Although species of Actinomyces are frequently thought of as filamentous because of their appearance in culture, it is worthwhile to remember that in vivo they are most frequently rod-like or coccoid in shape (Snyder et al 1967, Slack et al 1971. In this connection it is interesting to note that a recent study of the cultivable subgingival flora of normal sulci has reported a predominance of either streptococci or Actinomyces in samples taken from seven individuals with clinical healthy gingivae (Slots 1977b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in humans*

Listgarten

Helldén

1978

J Clinic Periodontology

623

311

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Samples of subgingival bacteria were collected with a clean curette from two relatively normal and two periodontally diseased sites in each of 12 patients with advanced periodontal disease. The samples were suspended in physiologic saline containing 1 % gelatin and examined within 1 hour by darkfield microscopy. From 100‐200 bacteria were classified on a percentage basis into one of the following categories: (1) coccoid cells, (2) straight rods, (3) filaments, (4) fusiforms, (5) curved rods, (6) small spirochetes, (7) medium‐sized spirochetes, (8) large spirochetes, and (9) motile rods. For each area sampled the following clinical criteria were also recorded: (1) Gingival Index, (2) Plaque Index, (3) probing depth and (4) gingival fluid flow. For each patient separate mean values were calculated for the normal and the diseased sites. The results indicated that significant differences existed in the microbial flora of clinically normal and diseased sites using a paired t‐test comparison (2α= 0.001), with coccoid cells more predominant at normal sites (74.3 % vs. 22.3 %), while at diseased sites motile rods were more frequent (12.7 % vs. 0.3 %), as well as curved rods (1.7 % vs. 0 %), small spirochetes (12.6 % vs. 1.1 %), medium‐sized spirochetes (18.5 % vs. 0.5 %) and large spirochetes (6.7 % vs. 0.2 %). The ratio of motile to non‐motile cells in the normal was 1:49, whereas at diseased sites the ratio was in the vicinity of 1:1. These results clearly show that a different flora is associated with healthy and periodontally diseased sites in the same patient population and that these differences can be detected by means of a technique which is simple and readily adaptable to a clinical setting. The data obtained in this fashion may be useful in monitoring the effect of various treatment modalities on the periodontal flora and possibly in determining the presence or absence of active disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in humans*

Listgarten

Helldén

1978

J Clinic Periodontology

623

311

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“…Histological evidence of the predoininanee oi Gram-positive filamentous microorganisms in calculus has been available for many years (Bibby 19.^.S,Yardeni 194cS,Hazen & Zander 19.59) but only recently have the species been identified (Slack et al 1971, Collins, Gerencser & Slaek 1973.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older speeimens contained predominantly Actinomyces israelii and Actitwmyces naeslundii. However, with the exeeption of the Actinomycetaccae, isolated by cultural techniques and demonstrated microscopically by fluorescent antibody staining (Slack, Landfried & Gerencser 1971), most morphological types of microorganisms found in calculus have not been specifically identified.…”

Section: Sidawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbiological study of dental calculus

Sidaway

1978

J of Periodontal Research

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The flora of 16 supragingival and 11 subgingival calculus samples from 20 patients was studies using both selective media incubated aerobically and anaerobically. 767 representative isolates, from a total of 1,320 were charaterised and 653 assigned to genera or species. Gram‐positive organisms present in >50% of all samples were Streptococcus sanguis (96%), Streptococcus mitior (93%), Actinomyces naeslundii (78%), Actinomyces israelii (72%), Rothia dentocariosa and Bacterionema matruchotii (70%) and Actinomyces viscosus (67%). the most prevalent Gram‐negative species were Neisseria pharyngis (89%), Selenomonas (80%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (78%), Bacteriodes melaninogenicus and Leptotrichia buccalis (70%), Camylobacter (60%), Veillonella alcalescens and an unidentified Gram‐negative rod (59%) and Eikenella corrodens (56%). The calculus flora was more complex than histological studies had previously suggested, with up to 22 species found in a single sample. there was qualitative similarity with the flora of dental plaque formed at the margin of the gingivae, the chief difference being the absence of Streptococcus mutans and the increased prevalence of Str. sanguis serotype I/II. A. naeslundii, A. viscosus and V. alcalescens were more prevalent in subgingival samples and N. pharyngis, B. melaninogenicus in supragingival. In view of the small number of samples examined these differences may not be highly significant.

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“…One technique for the rapid detection of specific micr-oor'ganisrns in clinical samples is immunofiuoreseence tnicroscopy (7), This tnethod has been previously ttsed to exatiiitie Actittotnyces sp, (8,25), Streptococcus mutans (5,9,10,11,13,16,18,26), and spirochetes (15) in dental plaque. Recently, this technique has been applied to the detection of putative periodontal pathogens and has been shown in comparative studies to exhibit a high level of sensitivity and specificity compared to bacterial culture (Table 1), (3,24,31), In addition, specific levels of B. gingivalis in subgingival dental plaque have been associated with periodontal disease and may be useful in distinguishing disease states fi-om carrier states (30),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological assays for putative periodontal pathogens

Zambon¹,

Bochacki²,

Genco³

1986

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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Immunological tests including immunofluorescence microscopy, latex agglutination, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays are being developed for the detection of carcinogenic microorganisms and periodontal pathogens. In the present study, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to examine two hundred eighty‐three subjects for Actinobacillus (“Haemophilus”) actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival dental plaque samples pooled from the mesial surface of the four first molar teeth. Alveolar bone height on panoramic radiographs was measured at each sample site using a Schei ruler and correlated with the results of immunofluorescence microscopy. Over ninety percent of the subjects did not demonstrate either putative periodonlal pathogen or harbored only trace amounts. Only 5% of the subjects demonstrated 2% or greater A. actinomycclemcomitans and no subject harbored more than 5% consistent with the finding that there were no localized juvenile periodontitis patients in this subject group. Nine percent of the subjects revealed 2% or more, and 5% demonstrated 5% or more of the total cell count as B. gingivalis. K. gingivalis levels, however, did exhibit a significant positive correlation with loss of alveolar bone height. The use of immunofluorescence microscopy for B. gingivalis exhibited 19% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 69% positive predictive value, and 69% negative predictive value when correlated with alveolar bone height measurements. The present data indicate that indirect immunofluorescence microscopy is a useful, rapid method for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. gingivalis in subgingival dental plaque which can be used in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of periodontal disease. The sensitivity of microbiological assays as indicators of periodontal disease can likely be increased by utilization of additional Immunological tests for other putative periodontal pathogens.

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Identification of Actinomyces and Related Bacteria in Dental Calculus by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in humans*

Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in humans*

A microbiological study of dental calculus

Immunological assays for putative periodontal pathogens

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