A microbiological study of dental calculus

Abstract

The flora of 16 supragingival and 11 subgingival calculus samples from 20 patients was studies using both selective media incubated aerobically and anaerobically. 767 representative isolates, from a total of 1,320 were charaterised and 653 assigned to genera or species. Gram‐positive organisms present in >50% of all samples were Streptococcus sanguis (96%), Streptococcus mitior (93%), Actinomyces naeslundii (78%), Actinomyces israelii (72%), Rothia dentocariosa and Bacterionema matruchotii (70%) and Actinomyces viscosus (67%). the most prevalent Gram‐negative species were Neisseria pharyngis (89%), Selenomonas (80%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (78%), Bacteriodes melaninogenicus and Leptotrichia buccalis (70%), Camylobacter (60%), Veillonella alcalescens and an unidentified Gram‐negative rod (59%) and Eikenella corrodens (56%). The calculus flora was more complex than histological studies had previously suggested, with up to 22 species found in a single sample. there was qualitative similarity with the flora of dental plaque formed at the margin of the gingivae, the chief difference being the absence of Streptococcus mutans and the increased prevalence of Str. sanguis serotype I/II. A. naeslundii, A. viscosus and V. alcalescens were more prevalent in subgingival samples and N. pharyngis, B. melaninogenicus in supragingival. In view of the small number of samples examined these differences may not be highly significant.

Antimicrobial efficacy of self-locomotive manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler on orthodontic brackets in vitro

“…3). However, several types of microorganisms in the oral cavity release catalase, and saliva contains catalase derived from bacteria [30]. Therefore, H 2 O 2 treatment of multispecies biofilms on debonded brackets generated oxygen bubbles and significantly reduced stained biofilms.…”

The Role of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans in the Conversion of Calcium Phosphate from Amorphous to Crystalline State

“…Microbial calcification is a widespread phenomenon, which includes the formation of phosphate salts of calcium (CaP) [13]. CaP displays high biocompatibility and biodegradability due to their chemical similarity to calcified tissue [14]–[16].…”

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of molecular species of bacterionemamycolic acids from Bacterionema matruchotii

“…Bacterionema species are to be found assuming the normal flora of the human mouth, especially in dental, plaque and calculus [1,2], and generally are considered to be one of the agents capable of forming calculus [3,4] and causing inflammation of gingival tissues [5]. The genus Bacterionerna is presently classified as a member of the family Actinomycetaceae [6], although previously classified as Leptothrix buccalis [7], Leptotrichia buccalis [8] or Leptotrichia dentium [9].…”